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Q. Ca+2 = 20 ppm, Mg+2 = 25 ppm, CO2 = 30 ppm, HCO-3 = 150, K+ = 10 ppm. Calculate the lime (87% pure) and soda (91% pure) required softening 1 million litters of water sample.
Ans.
Calculation of CaCO3 equivalent of given impurities:
S.NO
substances
Amount of substances in mg/L
Multiplication factor
CaCO3 equivalent mg/L
1.
Ca++
20 ppm
100/40
100/40*20 =50
2.
Mg++
25 ppm
100/24
100/24*25 = 104.16
3.
CO2
30 ppm
100/44
100/44*30 = 68.181
4.
HCO-3
150 ppm
100/122
100/122*150 = 122.95
5.
K+
10 ppm
Not produce hardness
Lime required:
74/100[Mg++ + CO2 + HCO-3 as CaCO3 equivalent] mg/L *Volume of water*100/%purity
74/100[104.16 + 68.181 + 122.95] mg/L*1000000l*100/86
74/100[295.29] mg/L * 100000*100/87
= 251.16*106 mg
= 251.16*106 mg*1Kg/106
= 251.16
Soda required = 106/100[50 + 104.16 – 122.95] mg/L *1000000*100/91
= 100/106[31.21] mg/L*106*100/91
= 36.35*106 mg
= 36.35*106 mg*1Kg/106
= 36.35Kg
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