Gilding: 

Gilding or colouring edges may be done either at the time of trimming the edges or after cutting the boards. The purpose of gilding or colouring is primarily or protect the books. Gilding or colouring of the edges gives a smooth solid surface that will prevent dust accumulation. Secondly, the gilding or colouring enhances the `looks' of the hook.

Headbands:

Headbands function as decorative pieces. The back is lined up using different Methods of lining up. However, the different methods of lining up have one thing in common, that is, smoothening of the surface of the spine by gluing a soft kraft paper over it.

Hollow Backs:

Hollowbacks help save the spine from cracking. This kind of back is achieved by marking a kind of `tube' with heavy wrapping paper. A paper three times the width of the spine is taken and one thickness is glued with the spine and two thicknesses apart from the spine.
The binding is covered either wholly or partially by leather, cloth or paper. All the above processes described so far are known as`forwarding'.