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Functions
The function is a subprogram which can take parameters and be invoked. Normally, you can use a function to calculate a value. The function has 2 sections: the specification & the body. The specification starts with the keyword FUNCTION and ends with the RETURN clause that specifies the datatype of the result value.
The Parameter declarations are non-compulsory. The Functions which take no parameters are written without the parentheses. The function body starts with the keyword IS and ends with the keyword END followed by an elective function name.
The function body has 3 sections: an optional declarative section, an executable section, & an optional exception-handling section. The declarative section contains the declarations of the types, constants, cursors, variables, exceptions, & subprograms. These items are local and cease to exist whenever you exit the function. The executable section contains the statements that assign values, manipulate Oracle data, and control execution. The exception-handling section contains the exception handlers that deal with exceptions raised during the execution.
Syntax:
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Example of Shorthand for a row constraint Example: Shorthand for a row constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Mark_in_range CHECK (Mark BETWEEN 0 AND 100);
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Blocks: The fundamental program unit in the PL/SQL is the block. The PL/SQL block is defined by the keywords BEGIN, DECLARE, EXCEPTION, and END. These keywords partition the b
3CX PBX sync Windows Service Project Description: !! You require access to a commercial version of the 3CX PBX system in order to be able to program the API !! !! You requ
PITS Depressions in secondary cell wall is called pit. A pit present on the free cell wall surface without its partner is called Blind pit. It consists of 2 parts -
Positional and Named Notation You can write the actual parameters when calling a subprogram, using either positional or named notation. That is, you can point to the relationsh
Procedures The procedure is a subprogram which performs a specific action. You write procedures using the syntax as shown below: PROCEDURE name [(parameter[, parameter, .
Parameter and Keyword Description: package_name: This construct identifies the package. AUTHID Clause: This determine whether all the packaged subprograms impleme
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