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Functions
The function is a subprogram which can take parameters and be invoked. Normally, you can use a function to calculate a value. The function has 2 sections: the specification & the body. The specification starts with the keyword FUNCTION and ends with the RETURN clause that specifies the datatype of the result value.
The Parameter declarations are non-compulsory. The Functions which take no parameters are written without the parentheses. The function body starts with the keyword IS and ends with the keyword END followed by an elective function name.
The function body has 3 sections: an optional declarative section, an executable section, & an optional exception-handling section. The declarative section contains the declarations of the types, constants, cursors, variables, exceptions, & subprograms. These items are local and cease to exist whenever you exit the function. The executable section contains the statements that assign values, manipulate Oracle data, and control execution. The exception-handling section contains the exception handlers that deal with exceptions raised during the execution.
Syntax:
SELECT a.child_fname,a.child_lname,concat(b.parent_title,b.parent_fname), b.parent_lname,b.parent_tphone FROM child a,parent b WHERE a.parent_id=b.parent_id ORDER BY a.child_fnam
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LONG and LONG RAW You use the LONG datatype to store the variable-length character strings. The LONG datatype is such as the VARCHAR2 datatype, except that the maximum length o
Avoiding Collection Exceptions In many cases, if you reference a nonexistent collection element, then PL/SQL raises a predefined exception. Consider the illustration shown b
Need for Dynamic SQL: You need dynamic SQL in the situations as follows: 1) You would like to execute a SQL data definition statement (like CREATE), a data control statemen
Semijoin and Composition - SQL For semijoin, the dyadic relational operator MATCHING, defined thus: r1 MATCHING r2, where r1 and r2 are relations such that r1 JOIN r2 is de
Inserting Objects: You can use the INSERT statement to add objects to an object table. In the illustration below, you insert a Person object into the object table persons:
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE Statement The EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement prepare (parses) and instantly executes a dynamic SQL statement or an anonymous PL/SQL block. Syntax:
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