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Functions
The function is a subprogram which can take parameters and be invoked. Normally, you can use a function to calculate a value. The function has 2 sections: the specification & the body. The specification starts with the keyword FUNCTION and ends with the RETURN clause that specifies the datatype of the result value.
The Parameter declarations are non-compulsory. The Functions which take no parameters are written without the parentheses. The function body starts with the keyword IS and ends with the keyword END followed by an elective function name.
The function body has 3 sections: an optional declarative section, an executable section, & an optional exception-handling section. The declarative section contains the declarations of the types, constants, cursors, variables, exceptions, & subprograms. These items are local and cease to exist whenever you exit the function. The executable section contains the statements that assign values, manipulate Oracle data, and control execution. The exception-handling section contains the exception handlers that deal with exceptions raised during the execution.
Syntax:
User-Defined Exceptions The PL/SQL defines the exceptions of your own. Dissimilar to the predefined exceptions, the user-defined exceptions should be declared and should be rai
Using FORALL and BULK COLLECT Together You can unite the BULK COLLECT clause with the FORALL statement, in that case, the SQL engine bulk-binds column values incrementally. In
1. Create a procedure called TAX_COST_SP to accomplish the tax calculation task. Keep in mind that the state and subtotal values are inputs into the procedure and the procedure is
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Scoping Within the similar scope, all the declared identifiers should be unique. So, even if their datatypes differ, the variables and parameters cannot share the similar name.
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Logical Operators The logical operators AND, NOT, and OR follow the tri-state logic shown in table below. The AND and OR are binary operators; NOT is a unary operator.
IN OUT Mode An IN OUT parameter passes initial values to the subprogram being called and return efficient values to the caller. Within the subprogram, an IN OUT parameter acts
DBMS: The answer to this question is of course given in of the theory book. This book is concerned with SQL DBMSs and SQL databases in particular. Soon we will be looking a
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