Question 1

a) Explain how CSMA/CD works.
b) Describe the term "exponential back-off".
c) Describe the differences between "circuit switching" and "packet switching".
d) There are many good reasons why Virtual Private Network is being used.

i) Explain how VPN works.
ii) Give three of those reasons.

Question 2

a) One of the five main functional areas in Network Management is "Accounting Management". Briefly describe its importance.
b) Describe two approaches for the management system to obtain information from SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). Briefly describe each one.
c) Give three advantages and three disadvantages of using centralized architecture.
d) Name four goals of using clustering.