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Q. Function of Adenosine in consciousness?
The adenosine plays a major role in inducing sleep. Injections of adenosine promote sleep and decrease wakefulness. Conversely, adenosine receptor antagonists' caffeine and theophylline are widely used as stimulants to induce vigilance and promote wakefulness.
During wakefulness adenosine accumulates in the extracellular space of the basal forebrain. The increase in extracellular adenosine concentration decreases the activity of the wakefulness-promoting cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. When the activity of the wakefulness-active cells decreases sufficiently sleep is initiated. During sleep the extracellular adenosine concentrations decrease, and thus the inhibition of the wakefulness-active cells also decreases allowing the initiation of a new wakefulness period.
Altitudinal Variations We know that temperature decreases with increasing altitude. This is mainly due to convection currents in the troposphere - the lowermost (and most dense
NON-STARCH POLYSACCHARIDES A polysaccharide often termed as complex carbohydrate. Besides starch, a mixture of substances called non starch polysaccharide (NSP), also constitut
Q. Can you explain Non-restrictive ventricular septal defect? In non-restrictive VSD PA pressures are elevated hence VSD gradient is low. Non-restrictive VSD is larger in s
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Tyndall Effect One of the best ways to distinguish a solution from a colloidal dispersion is to use a strong beam of intense light. As the beam passes through a colloidal dispe
Explain about the Smoking - methods of food processing? Smoking was known as a method of food preservation at an early date. Foods are exposed to smokes by burning some special
What are meninges and cerebrospinal fluid? Meninges are the membranes that enclose and protect the central nervous system (CNS). Cerebrospinal fluid is the fluid that separates
Define Proteins as Structural Elements and Structural Units? The liver cell membrane analysis shows that this membrane contains 50-60% protein, 35% lipids and 5% carbohydrates.
What is biodiversity? Biological diversity is the several of species of living beings of an ecosystem. In ecosystems which are more bio diverse, as tropical forests, a great va
Determine the groups of soil organisms The soil organisms are classified into two broad groups viz. soil flora (related to plants) and soil fauna (related to animals) which ar
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