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Q. Function of Adenosine in consciousness?
The adenosine plays a major role in inducing sleep. Injections of adenosine promote sleep and decrease wakefulness. Conversely, adenosine receptor antagonists' caffeine and theophylline are widely used as stimulants to induce vigilance and promote wakefulness.
During wakefulness adenosine accumulates in the extracellular space of the basal forebrain. The increase in extracellular adenosine concentration decreases the activity of the wakefulness-promoting cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. When the activity of the wakefulness-active cells decreases sufficiently sleep is initiated. During sleep the extracellular adenosine concentrations decrease, and thus the inhibition of the wakefulness-active cells also decreases allowing the initiation of a new wakefulness period.
Q. How many chambers do the mammalian heart and the bird heart have? Concerning temperature maintenance what is the benefit of the double and complete circulation of these animals?
(a)What do you understand by the term 'monoculture'? (b) What is one disadvantage of a monoculture? a) 'Monoculture' is the term applied to the growing
Q. Is there a larval stage in echinoderms? In echinoderms embryonic development is indirect, with ciliated larvae.
SOM E COMMON REFLEXES RELATED TO RESPIRATION - 1. Cough Reflex: Due to stimulation in Trachea before it 2.5 lit. air is inhaled. 2. Sneezing Reflex: Stimulati
Define about Iodine Metabolism? Now, we will very briefly study how iodine is absorbed, distributed in the body and ' excreted out. Like other nutrients, dietary iodide is eith
Q. Basis of Classification on Form-relationship principle? As pointed out earlier, this system is mainly based on Form-relationship principle. thus the various genera were. g
all about excretion
Injury Resulting From an Accident Accident was described earlier which meant that accident was a sudden event. However, several legal opinions favored exclusion of suddenness
The nature of the sounds produced by percussion (tapping) a patient's chest can tell a physician a great deal about the condition of the organs within the thoracic cavity. Healthy,
illustrate vernalisation?
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