-The expected phenotypic ratio of offspring.

-The expected genotypic ratio of offspring.

-Calculate the expected values you would use on a chi-square test (use genotypic ratio if available)

-Find the degrees of freedom

-Perform a chi-square test

a. A cross was performed between two black mice who are know to be heterozygous for that coat color trait. They produce 23 offspring in the first generation. 17 black and 6 white.

b. A cross was performed between two pink snapdragons( recall from Bio 1 snapdragons are an example of incomplete dominance). There are 200 offspring on the F1: 98 pink 49 red and 53 white.