Redlining, a process used by financial institutions to exploit poor people, refers to

1) exorbitant fees assessed by banks for cashing payroll checks.

2) refusal to lend money for mortgages or home improvements based on home's location in an undesirable neighborhood.

3) requiring higher minimum checking account balances of banking clients considered to be "high-risk."

4) refusal of loans based on bad credit ratings.

Note: Justify your answer.