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Once the total volume of an individual vessel has been established the detailed dimensions or mechanical design can be performed. Much of this is based on "Rules of Thumb" built from years of experience. A summary is provided below for a standard Stirred Tank Reactor (STR).
Perhaps the most important factor in the mechanical design of a bioreactor is the height to diameter or aspect ratio as this determines many of the other important bioreactor characteristics. There are relative advantages of increasing either the height or diameter.
(a) Increasing height
i. increases the hydrostatic pressure
Advantage - increases solubility of oxygen
Disadvantage - increases solubility of other gases which may be toxic, e.g. CO2 ii. allows more agitators
Advantage - better power development
Disadvantage - can lead to poor mixing due to compartmentalisation (b) Increasing diameter
i. lowers the superficial (linear) gas velocity
Disadvantage - poor mixing, oxygen transfer ii. reduces wall surface area (per unit volume) available for heat transfer
Disadvantage - leads to temperature control problems
Roller conveyors are flat circular or spiral. They consist of rollers supported in frames over which materials are allowed to move. They are driven through gravity. Genera
(a) Compare 2 two-stroke cycle engines with 4 stroke cycle engines. What are the function of flywheel and Cam Shaft? (b) Derive a mathematical expression for efficiency of dual
Seismometer : this is a transducer in which signal is proportional to the displacement. Accelerometer : This is a transducer in which signals is proportional to the a
A four-stroke, single cylinder gasoline engine having a bore of 90 mm and stroke of 100 mm has a compression ratio 7. The relative efficiency is 55% when the shown specific fuel co
Solve the support reactions at A and D by using the force method. A is a fixed support; B and C are rigid joints; and D is a pin support. EI is constant for all members.
(a) What are fluids? How are they classified? (b) Classify the several kinds of manometers. (c) Define the following (d) Define metacenter (1) Steady flow (2) Unsteady
Resistor: The wire that opposes (resists) the flow of current through it by virtue of its property is called resistor. This property is known as resistance. The resistance is
Q. Standard factory formed insulation on Flanges and Valves? All fittings are to be insulated with standard factory formed insulation. All joints shall be buttered and sealed.
Question: (a) Describe stochastic printing and provide three benefits of this printing technique. (b) Though offset printing is the most common form of mass printing and pub
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