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Once the total volume of an individual vessel has been established the detailed dimensions or mechanical design can be performed. Much of this is based on "Rules of Thumb" built from years of experience. A summary is provided below for a standard Stirred Tank Reactor (STR).
Perhaps the most important factor in the mechanical design of a bioreactor is the height to diameter or aspect ratio as this determines many of the other important bioreactor characteristics. There are relative advantages of increasing either the height or diameter.
(a) Increasing height
i. increases the hydrostatic pressure
Advantage - increases solubility of oxygen
Disadvantage - increases solubility of other gases which may be toxic, e.g. CO2 ii. allows more agitators
Advantage - better power development
Disadvantage - can lead to poor mixing due to compartmentalisation (b) Increasing diameter
i. lowers the superficial (linear) gas velocity
Disadvantage - poor mixing, oxygen transfer ii. reduces wall surface area (per unit volume) available for heat transfer
Disadvantage - leads to temperature control problems
(a) Derive the mathematical expression for Steady Flow Energy Equation. State the assumption made before the derivation. (b) The internal energy of a substance is provided by th
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Geometric Defects Undercut Undercut represents a depression into the base metal adjacent to the toe of the weld and if it forms a notch, it is a potential danger for th
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Q. What do you mean by Levelling Procedure? The Surveyor shall calculate required field adjustment in module elevation based on data from survey in conjunction with correspondi
WHY THE WATER INSIDE ANY PLASTIC TUBE GETS EXPAND WHEN THEY FROZEN?
Question 1 What is the eutectoid composition in the phase diagram? Question 2 For an alloy of 40%C/60%D at 400°C, indicate the phase/s that are present. It is not neces
A UDL or uniformly distributed load is a load, which is reach over a beam in such a way that every unit length is laded to the similar extent.
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