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Once the total volume of an individual vessel has been established the detailed dimensions or mechanical design can be performed. Much of this is based on "Rules of Thumb" built from years of experience. A summary is provided below for a standard Stirred Tank Reactor (STR).
Perhaps the most important factor in the mechanical design of a bioreactor is the height to diameter or aspect ratio as this determines many of the other important bioreactor characteristics. There are relative advantages of increasing either the height or diameter.
(a) Increasing height
i. increases the hydrostatic pressure
Advantage - increases solubility of oxygen
Disadvantage - increases solubility of other gases which may be toxic, e.g. CO2 ii. allows more agitators
Advantage - better power development
Disadvantage - can lead to poor mixing due to compartmentalisation (b) Increasing diameter
i. lowers the superficial (linear) gas velocity
Disadvantage - poor mixing, oxygen transfer ii. reduces wall surface area (per unit volume) available for heat transfer
Disadvantage - leads to temperature control problems
With the help of neat diagrams explain various parts of Cupola. Define its operation. How the thermal efficiency of Cupola calculated?
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You are required to formulate the loading and boundary conditions using the FE code and evaluate the stress distribution and end deflection of the beam using the ABAQUS code and vi
Question: (a) (i) Describe the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. (ii)Is it possible for compound semiconductors to exhibit intrinsic behaviour? Desc
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