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Once the total volume of an individual vessel has been established the detailed dimensions or mechanical design can be performed. Much of this is based on "Rules of Thumb" built from years of experience. A summary is provided below for a standard Stirred Tank Reactor (STR).
Perhaps the most important factor in the mechanical design of a bioreactor is the height to diameter or aspect ratio as this determines many of the other important bioreactor characteristics. There are relative advantages of increasing either the height or diameter.
(a) Increasing height
i. increases the hydrostatic pressure
Advantage - increases solubility of oxygen
Disadvantage - increases solubility of other gases which may be toxic, e.g. CO2 ii. allows more agitators
Advantage - better power development
Disadvantage - can lead to poor mixing due to compartmentalisation (b) Increasing diameter
i. lowers the superficial (linear) gas velocity
Disadvantage - poor mixing, oxygen transfer ii. reduces wall surface area (per unit volume) available for heat transfer
Disadvantage - leads to temperature control problems
(a) Describe heat engine. How is this engine characterized? (b) Describe Perpetual motion machines of first kind and second kind, i.e. PMM1 and PMM2. Are such machines possible
Find out the effort required to run this machine: The efficiency of a machine is 75% while an effort of 20 N is required to lift a load of 160 N. Compute the velocity ratio an
Nominal Stress and True Stress: Nominal stress is the ratio of force per initial cross sectional area (original area of cross section). Nominal stress = Force / initial ar
Q. Pressure Relief Valve Application? A general comparison of operational characteristics is given for the different types of pressure relief valves in common industrial use.
Compute the total force which shall be acting on the springs: An automobile of mass 1300 kg, travelling at a speed of 60 kmph hits a depression in the road that has a radius o
A "perfect" square (shown in dashed lines in the sketch below) with initial dimensions of 0.5 x 0.5 inch is drawn on the surface of a thin aluminum structure (E = 10x10 6 psi, v =
what is tool cost?
GMAW POWER SOURCE A power source wit h a flat characteristics is almost universally used for GMAW process as it provides self adjustment and stabilisation of the arc. Also it m
Find the magnitude of force: Q: The two parallel forces are acting at point A and B respectively is equivalent to force of 100 N acting downwards at point C and coupl
Consider some publications of the Bureau of Standards. The following publications of the Bureau of Standards shall be read along with this section of footings. a. IS 456 in
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