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Once the total volume of an individual vessel has been established the detailed dimensions or mechanical design can be performed. Much of this is based on "Rules of Thumb" built from years of experience. A summary is provided below for a standard Stirred Tank Reactor (STR).
Perhaps the most important factor in the mechanical design of a bioreactor is the height to diameter or aspect ratio as this determines many of the other important bioreactor characteristics. There are relative advantages of increasing either the height or diameter.
(a) Increasing height
i. increases the hydrostatic pressure
Advantage - increases solubility of oxygen
Disadvantage - increases solubility of other gases which may be toxic, e.g. CO2 ii. allows more agitators
Advantage - better power development
Disadvantage - can lead to poor mixing due to compartmentalisation (b) Increasing diameter
i. lowers the superficial (linear) gas velocity
Disadvantage - poor mixing, oxygen transfer ii. reduces wall surface area (per unit volume) available for heat transfer
Disadvantage - leads to temperature control problems
Gathering Lines: A gathering line, also called a ladder track, is one into which a number of parallel tracks merge. This is shown in Figure. It is used in marshalling yards.
cause effect remedies
Cranes are used to move materials vertically and laterally in ain area of limited length. They may he operated hydraulically pneumatically or electrically the important ty
Find the minimum weight to keep equilibrium: A belt supports the two weights W 1 an d W 2 over a pulley as shown in the figure given below. If W 1 = 1000N, fi
Explain the super position of waves with neat diagrams
a. Objectives Observe vibration first hand Calculate natural frequency and damping coefficient observe changes as a result of temperature and material b. Backg
A bump/impact test is a simple technique used to determine a structure’s natural frequency. Sketch a typical time wave response curve of such a test, then label the impact point an
CONDUCTION OF ELECTRICITY IN GASES Electricity can pass through different media. In the case of gases, the atoms or molecules are not packed and they are free to move. In fact
estimating time of boring, turning,milling?
calculate the vertical reaction at A in Newtons
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