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Once the total volume of an individual vessel has been established the detailed dimensions or mechanical design can be performed. Much of this is based on "Rules of Thumb" built from years of experience. A summary is provided below for a standard Stirred Tank Reactor (STR).
Perhaps the most important factor in the mechanical design of a bioreactor is the height to diameter or aspect ratio as this determines many of the other important bioreactor characteristics. There are relative advantages of increasing either the height or diameter.
(a) Increasing height
i. increases the hydrostatic pressure
Advantage - increases solubility of oxygen
Disadvantage - increases solubility of other gases which may be toxic, e.g. CO2 ii. allows more agitators
Advantage - better power development
Disadvantage - can lead to poor mixing due to compartmentalisation (b) Increasing diameter
i. lowers the superficial (linear) gas velocity
Disadvantage - poor mixing, oxygen transfer ii. reduces wall surface area (per unit volume) available for heat transfer
Disadvantage - leads to temperature control problems
explain ways of representing alternative quantities;1)phasor representation 2)graphical representation 3)complex waves 4)addition and subtraction of sine wave
Q. What is thermoplastic plastics ? These plastic soften under heat, harden on cooling, and can be resoften under heat. Thus, they retain their fusibility, solubility, an
all lines on psychrometric chart
Difference between path function and point function
(a) Illustrate the concept of absolute thermodynamic temperature scale on the basis of second law. (b) In a Steady flow apparatus , 13.5 KJ of work is done by each kg of fluid.
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Q. Explain basic types of Sand testing? Moulding sands should be of proper quality to meet the required level of accuracy and surface finish of castings. Proper quality of the
Types of Holons The four major types of holons are: Order holons Product holons Resource holons Staff holons Considering the cooperative aspect of the
Determine the reactions at the supports: A smooth sphere weighing 200 N is resting as shown in Figure. Determine the reactions at the supports. Solution Let us fir
Q . Determine MI of unequal angle section 15cm × 10cm × 1.5cm with longer leg vertical and is flange upwards. Figure Sol. : A 1 = 10 ×
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