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Once the total volume of an individual vessel has been established the detailed dimensions or mechanical design can be performed. Much of this is based on "Rules of Thumb" built from years of experience. A summary is provided below for a standard Stirred Tank Reactor (STR).
Perhaps the most important factor in the mechanical design of a bioreactor is the height to diameter or aspect ratio as this determines many of the other important bioreactor characteristics. There are relative advantages of increasing either the height or diameter.
(a) Increasing height
i. increases the hydrostatic pressure
Advantage - increases solubility of oxygen
Disadvantage - increases solubility of other gases which may be toxic, e.g. CO2 ii. allows more agitators
Advantage - better power development
Disadvantage - can lead to poor mixing due to compartmentalisation (b) Increasing diameter
i. lowers the superficial (linear) gas velocity
Disadvantage - poor mixing, oxygen transfer ii. reduces wall surface area (per unit volume) available for heat transfer
Disadvantage - leads to temperature control problems
Calculate Machining Time and Material Removal Rate A hole of 40 mm diameter and 50 mm depth is to be drilled in a mild steel component. The cutting speed can be taken as 65 m/
Neutra l Layer and Neutral Axis In the beam or cantilever, there is one layer which retains the original length of it even after bending. So in this layer tensile stress and c
Construct a plain scale: The distance between Indore and Bhopal is 180 kilometer. It is represented on the map via 9 centimeter. Construct a plain scale for such map, illustra
a petrol tanker uses gravity to empty its 35kl tank in to an underground storage tabk. the hose that is used has a roughness equivalent to galvanised iron, has an internal diameter
Pin-jointed steel structure: Find out the forces in the members of the pin-jointed steel structure. Solution Joint D Suppose f CD and f DE both as tensile forc
why pre sintering needed in powder metallurgy
Railway operation: Terminal facilities are an important feature of railway operation. These include stations where trains stop and passengers are serviced; and railway yards w
Determine the maximum pressure applied inside the shell: A thin spherical shell of 1.5 m diameter is built by joining steel plates of 8 mm thickness by riveting. The efficienc
Show continuity equation in cylindrical coordinates. Also list the assumptions made. A fluid flow is given by V = xy 2 i - 2yz 2 j - (zy 2 - 2z 3 /3) k Determine acceleration
Forces working on dam: Let a dam retaining water as illustrated in Figure (a). What are the forces working on it? Solution The forces working on dam are as follows:
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