External failure-database recovery and security, Database Management System

Assignment Help:

External failure: A failure can also result because of an external cause, such as earthquakes, fire, floods, etc. The database must be duly backed up to avoid troubles occurring due to such failures.

In practice software failures are more ordinary than hardware failures.  Fortunately, recovery from software failures is much faster.

The essential unit of recovery is a transaction. But, how are the transactions can handle during recovery? Let some transactions are deadlocked, then at least one of these transactions has to be start again to break the deadlock and therefore the partial updates made by such restarted program in the database require to be undone so that the database did not go to an inconsistent state. So the transaction must roll back which makes sure that the transaction does not bring the database to an inconsistent state. This is one type of recovery. Let us take a case when a transaction has committed but the alteration made by the transaction has not been communicated to permanently store physical database. A software failure now happens and the contents of the RAM / CPU are lost. This remains the database in an inconsistent state. Such failure needs that on restarting the system the database be brought to a consistent state by using redo operation. The redo operation needs the changes made by the transaction again to bring the system to a consistent state. The database system then could be made available to the users. The main point here is that the database updates are performed in the buffer in the memory. Figure shows some cases of redo and undo. You can make more such cases.

                               511_External failure.png

 

Physical

Database

RAM

Activity

Case 1

A=6000

B=8000

A=4000

B=8000

Transaction T1 has just changed the value in RAM. Now it aborts, value in RAM is lost. No problem. But we are not sure that the physical database has been written back, so must undo.

Case 2

A=4000

B=8000

A=4000

B=8000

The value in physical database has got updated due to buffer management, now the transaction aborts. The transaction must be undone.

Case 3

A=6000

B=8000

A=4000

B=10000

Commit

The value B in physical database has not got updated due to buffer management. In case of failure now when the transaction has committed. The changes of transaction must be redone to ensure transfer of correct values to physical database.

                                                    Figure: Database Updates and Recovery


Related Discussions:- External failure-database recovery and security

Explain trigger, What is Trigger? A trigger is a SQL procedure that ini...

What is Trigger? A trigger is a SQL procedure that initiates an action when an event (INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE) occurs. Triggers are kept in and managed by the DBMS. Triggers a

Multiple column queries-syntax, Multiple column Queries: Syntax: ...

Multiple column Queries: Syntax: SELECT COLUMN1, COL2,...... FROM TABLE WHERE (COLUMN1, COL2, ...) IN (SELECT COLUMN1, COL2,....  FROM TABLE WHERE );

Php optimization on iis 8, Project Description: We have purchased facebo...

Project Description: We have purchased facebook style chat software which we are using with our site. It is prepared in PHP but the rest of the site is developed asp.net. Iss

Data management, Develop a database broker framework to implement a persist...

Develop a database broker framework to implement a persistence mechanism for the domain objects involved in the use case dealt with in Question 2.  a. Specify the attribute type

What is persistency, What is persistency? Persistency ensures which dat...

What is persistency? Persistency ensures which data is stored and that after the object is no longer available (program stops running) the data will be available to other users

Advantages and disadvantages of using a database system, What are the advan...

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a database system. Sol. Advantages of Database System (DBMS) :  (1) Data Redundancy and Inconsistency: Since differen

Special comparison operator used in where clause-dml, Special comparison op...

Special comparison operator used in where Clause a.   between. ...and...It gives range among two values (inclusive) Example: SELECT ENAME, SAL FROM EMP WHERE SAL BETWE

What are composite objects, What are composite objects? Objects that ha...

What are composite objects? Objects that have other objects are known as complex objects or composite objects.

Clinic, Need a sample of a clinic database relationships

Need a sample of a clinic database relationships

What is secondary index, What is Secondary Index While making the index...

What is Secondary Index While making the index, generally the index table is kept in the primary memory (RAM) and the main table, because of its size is keeps in the secondary

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd