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How the time stamps are implemented
Use the value of the system clock as the time stamp. That is a transaction's time stamp is equivalent to the value of the clock when the transaction enters the system.
Use a logical counter that is increased after a new timestamp has been assigned; that is the time stamp is equivalent to the value of the counter.
Explain the differences between structured data and unstructured data. Structured data are facts concerning objects and events. The most significant structured data are numeric
Define the terms i) Key attribute ii) Value set Key attribute: An entity type usually has an attribute whose values are exact from each individual entity in the collection. Su
Define an operator that a Relational Algebra does not have Ans: Relational Algebra does not have Aggregation operators.
Relational Algebra is a set of basic operations used to influence the data in relational model. These operations allow the user to specify basic retrieval request. The result of re
Multiple column Queries: Syntax: SELECT COLUMN1, COL2,...... FROM TABLE WHERE (COLUMN1, COL2, ...) IN (SELECT COLUMN1, COL2,.... FROM TABLE WHERE );
Discuss the methods for a hash file to expand and shrink dynamically. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? The hashing methods that permit dyanamic file expansi
Let us now talk about the relational operations: SELECT The select operation is used to select few specific record from the database based on different criteria, This is a un
need a DBMS system on any data for assignment.
Question: (a) Discuss the difference between a composite key and a composite attribute. How would each be indicated in an E-R diagram? Support your answer with appropriate exam
what are the topics in data management
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