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How the time stamps are implemented
Use the value of the system clock as the time stamp. That is a transaction's time stamp is equivalent to the value of the clock when the transaction enters the system.
Use a logical counter that is increased after a new timestamp has been assigned; that is the time stamp is equivalent to the value of the counter.
In which format database schema is written ? Data base schema is written in the DDL format.
State the terms Designing the database and Normalization Designing the database: Out of the ERD we have formed, it is very easy to verify the tables, the attributes which the
Use of partial data by applications : In common, applications work with views rather than whole relations. Thus, it may be more appropriate to work with subsets of relations rather
This constraint shows that the key attribute value in each tuple must be unique, i.e., no two tuples have the similar value for the key attribute. This is because the value of the
Distributed query and transaction processing a. Construct a query around any one of the functional divisions you made in 4a such that if executed in the distributed design of 4
There are three main sources of utilities and applications for a DBMS: a. Vendor applications and utilities are given for working with or maintaining the database, and generally
Explain in details about Data Sharing
Data Replication "If a relation R has its copies kept at two or more sites, then it is considered replicated". But why do we replicate a relation? There are several advan
Define Partial Key and Primary Key A partial key, also known as discriminator, is the set of attributes which can uniquely identify weak entities that are related to similar o
Rearrange the Execution Order for Efficiency Rearranging execution order for efficiency means executing such job that requires less execution time. By rearranging the object
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