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How the time stamps are implemented
Use the value of the system clock as the time stamp. That is a transaction's time stamp is equivalent to the value of the clock when the transaction enters the system.
Use a logical counter that is increased after a new timestamp has been assigned; that is the time stamp is equivalent to the value of the counter.
Prove that a relation which is 4NF must be BCNF. Ans Let R be in 4NF. Suppose it is not in BCNF. Hence, there exists an FD X→Y in R such that x is not a super key. Although
What is first normal form? The domain of attribute must contain only atomic (simple, indivisible) values.
The database is to record information about artists for a (music) production company. An artist is the name of a singer or band; the name of the artist, the year the artist started
Use inheritance as an implementation technique when you are going to use inheritance as an implementation technique, you can achieve same goal in a safer way by making one cla
What is hash file organization? What are the causes of bucket overflow within a hash file organization? What can be completed to decrease the occurrence of bucket overflow?
Where does view definition stored? A view definition is permanently stored as part of the database.
What types of adjustments are required to increase chances of inheritance. a) Some attributes can be added or ignored in the base class operation b) Some changes can be
Relations create the database. They must satisfy various properties, like no duplicate tuples, no ordering of tuples, and atomic attributes, etc. Relations that satisfy these basic
If the deletion violates referential integrity constraint, then three alternatives are available: Default option: - refuse the deletion. It is the job of the DBMS to describ
What is magnetic disks?explain it? Magnetic disk provides the bulk of secondary storage of modern computer system. The disk capacity is growing at over 50% per year. But the st
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