Question :

According to Henry Fayol, planning is the primary function of managers in an organization. However, there is no empirical evidence that organizations that plan are more successful than organizations that do not plan. The financial crisis also highlighted the difficulty of planning in an organization.
(a) Explain what you understand by the term planning and how it is a primary function in an organization.

(b) Explain the reasons for the failure of plans in an organization and the ways in which planning can be more effective.

(c) Explain how planning is important in the control function within an organization.