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Explain the Turbidity Measurement?
Presence of sufficient number of microbes makes the liquid medium turbid. Turbidity also increases with the multiplication of microbes. Estimation of turbidity can be used both for the quantitation of microbes and monitoring microbial growth. The technique depends on the fact that cells scatter the light striking them and the amount of scattering is directly proportional to the biomass of cells present and indirectly to the cell number. The scattering of light can be measured by spectrophotometer or photometer. In the instrument, a beam of light is passed through a cell suspension and the amount of unscattered light is detected by a light sensitive detector. Photometer uses a simple filter to generate incident light whereas in spectrophotometer, prism is used instead of a filter. Commonly used wavelengths for bacteria are 540 nm, 600 nm and 660 nm. More the number of microbes in the suspension, less is the light reaching to the detector and read as percent transmission or absorbance (OD, optical density, a logarithmic expression).
Protein of Animal Origin - Meat Meat: Skeletal or striated muscles are used for food purposes. Flesh of cattle, sheep and swine comprise most of the meat contents. Edible mea
Jackson Coleman and Fischer Theory Jackson Coleman Theory: During accommodation the ciliary muscle contraction causes an anterior thrust of the vitreous. This vitreous thrust p
Define the Criteria for an Indicator Organism? Following criteria are suggested for an indicator organism: i. It should be suitable for the analysis of all types of water, i
Fluorescence Microscopy Certain compounds when exposed to short wavelength radiations, e.g., UV and X-rays. absorb and emit energy as light of a longer wavelength. This process o
Long-hair in cats is due to a recessive long allele, l. Black cats are due to a recessive agouti allele, a. A short-haired tabby cat is crossed to a long-haired tabby cat, and they
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Explain the compound water? Water : Water is the most important compound in living cells, making up most of the bulk of living organisms. Our own bodies contain 40% - 60% wa
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List three human activities which could cause the loss of a species. Human activities which threaten species with extinction are: (i) hunting of individual species, (ii) over-
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