Explain the term Forging with diagram

Forging is shaping of metal either by steady compression or impact between a hammer or ram and anvil. Related to pressing of metal or hammering, the min difference between the two is speed of pressure application. Hammering process makes use of hammer which is energised by gravity, stream or air and repeated blows of vertically guided ram on metal resting on the anvil, cause the metal to change its shape.

Cold forging processes are used when it's essential to develop strength and hardness in a component, have a clean, bright finish, eliminate forging scale as well as eliminate decarburisation. This method is used for making bolts, nails nuts.

In case of hot forging the metal to be forged is heated first. In this case finish is not bright and clean.

Hot forging is used for making gear, bolts, crankshaft, rivets, and couplings.