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Explain the Primary Stain - Ziehl-Neelsen Method?
Ordinary aqueous stains like methylene blue, crystal violet, etc. are not able to stain most of the species of Mycobacteria. Carbol fuchsin, a red mixture of basic fuchsin and phenol can be used for staining these bacteria. Basic fuchsin, binds to carboxylic acid group of mycolic acid and phenol enhances penetration of basic fuchsin into lipid. Penetration is further enhanced by slow heating to steaming for 2-3 minutes. This drives the stain inside the cytoplasm. In modified Ziehl-Neelsen method, instead of heating, a wetting agent - Turgitol - can be added to the stain. This agent reduces surface tension between the cell wall of the mycobacteria and the stain. After staining, all cells become red.
Mycotoxicoses Mycotoxicoses cause heavy economic loss due to high morbidity and consequent production loss. Low grade mortality is also recorded. The main toxins involved are
The Upper Border of the Heart A: Mark a point on the lower border of the left second costal cartilage 1.2 cm away from the sternal margin. B: Mark a point on the upper bord
T ypes of hormones - (i) Releasing and Inhibitory hormones - Hormones of hypothalamus and kidney (renin) which control secretion of trophic hormones. (ii) Trophic hormon
V i ra l Diseases A v ian encephalomyelitis This is enterovirus disease of chicken, pheasants, turkeys and Japanese quails caused by the member of the family Pi
Ribosomes - It is also known as Protein factory, Engine of the cell. Ribosomes are smallest cell organelles (150 x 250 Å). Unit membrane less cell organelle. Ribo
Explain Personal Risk Factors in CAD? The personal risk factors are the factors that are specific and characteristic for a particular individual and are non-modifiable in natur
Explain about the cyclamate - artificial sweeteners? Another sweetener is cyclamate (sodium cyclohexylsulphamate). Have a look at its structure as shown in the figure. It is on
Can two normal individuals of the same species with sexual reproduction have identical genomes and identical karyotypes? How is the human karyotype usually represented? Except
Which pair of glands is affected by the hormones from the posterior pituitary? A) thyroid, ovaries B) adrenal cortex, liver C) testes, mammary glands D) kidneys, uterus
How Peroxisomes formed Peroxisomes are formed within the cell from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum by a process of budding. Peroxisomes found in the kidney and liver cells are
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