Explain the Medulla Oblongata

The medulla extends from the pons above and is continuous with the spinal cord below as can be seen in Figure. It is about 2.5 cm long shaped like a pyramid with a base upwards. It lies within the cranium just above foramen magnum. The anterior and posterior surfaces are marked by central fissures.

The outer aspect is composed of white matter, which passes between the brain and spinal cord and gray matter lies centrally. Some cells constitute relay stations for sensory nerves passing from spinal cord to the cerebrum. The vital centers consisting of groups of cells associated with autonomic reflex activity lie in the deeper area. These are the cardiac, respiratory, vasomotor and reflex centers for vomiting, coughing, sneezing and swallowing.