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Explain the EXISTS and UNIQUE functions of SQL. Give an example for each?
EXISTS: The EXISTS function takes one parameter that is a SQL statement. If any records exist which match the criteria it returns true, or else it returns false. This provides you a clean, well-organized way to write a stored procedure in which does either an insert or update.
UNIQUE: If UNIQUE is particular then only unique values are used to compute the mean.
note on hashing technique
Domain Constraints Domain constraints are primarily formed for defining the logically correct values for an attribute of a relation. The relation allows attributes of a relatio
Explain ER Relationship model? An entity-relationship model (ERM): An entity-relationship model (ERM) is an abstract theoretical illustration of structured data. Entity-relatio
What is Object Oriented model? This model is based on collection of objects. An object has values stored in instance variables with in the object. An object also having bodies
Data Independence This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of sc
Determine the language that needs a user to specify the data to be retrieved with no specifying exactly how to get it is Ans: Non-Procedural DML
Explain the Deferred Update The deferred update methods do not physically update the database on disk till after a transaction reaches its commit point; after that the updates
(a) Why did SAP introduce the extended star schema?
Using SQL create a view RS for the relations R and S. The view consists of the columns A and D renamed as X and Y in that order. Insert a tuple into it. Show the contents of t
Cardinality of Relationship One-to-One Only one entity of the first set is linked to only one entity of the second set. E.g. A teacher teaches a student. Only one teacher
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