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Q. Explain phase-shift keying?
In PSK, the phase angle of a carrier is keyed between two values. When the values are separated by π radians, it is known as phase-reversal keying (PRK). The PSK waveform in the bit interval is given by
Equation can be viewed as a carrier Ac cos(ωct + φc) modulated in amplitude by a digital signal d(t) with amplitudes of 1 when the binary digit in the bit interval is 1 and 0, respectively. Figure illustrates the functions of a coherent PSK communication system, which is similar to the ASK system of Figure with the following differences:
• The received signal is now given by
• A gain of 2 is assigned to the integrator.• A threshold is absent when binary digits 0 and 1 occur with equal probability.
No truly noncoherent PSK version is possible because the PSK signal carries its information in the carrier's phase, whereas a noncoherent system purposely disregards phase and operates only on signal amplitude.
READY Input Microprocessor has to communicate with other peripherals which are slow as compared to the microprocessor. READY signals is used to synchronies these periphe
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power factor use
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The circuit is altered by replacing the capacitor, C1 with an inductor of 150mH and left with the switch in position (a) for a long time. At time t=0, the switch is moved from posi
Q. Frequency stability of quartz crystals ? The amount of frequency deviation from the ambient temperature frequency over the operating temperature range. This deviation is ass
Q. The energy stored in a 2-µF capacitor is given by w c (t) = 9e -2t µJ for t ≥ 0. Find the capacitor voltage and current at t = 1s.
This is at the heart of the analysis of electromagnetics. It is based on a series of experiments conducted by the French scientist Ampere (1775 - 1836), in which the force between
(a) Show the equivalent NOR realizations of the basic NOT, OR, and AND gates. (b) Show the equivalent NAND realization of the basic NOT, AND, and OR gates.
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