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Q. Explain phase-shift keying?
In PSK, the phase angle of a carrier is keyed between two values. When the values are separated by π radians, it is known as phase-reversal keying (PRK). The PSK waveform in the bit interval is given by
Equation can be viewed as a carrier Ac cos(ωct + φc) modulated in amplitude by a digital signal d(t) with amplitudes of 1 when the binary digit in the bit interval is 1 and 0, respectively. Figure illustrates the functions of a coherent PSK communication system, which is similar to the ASK system of Figure with the following differences:
• The received signal is now given by
• A gain of 2 is assigned to the integrator.• A threshold is absent when binary digits 0 and 1 occur with equal probability.
No truly noncoherent PSK version is possible because the PSK signal carries its information in the carrier's phase, whereas a noncoherent system purposely disregards phase and operates only on signal amplitude.
Q. Sketch the idealized (asymptotic) Bode plot for the transfer function Find the angular frequency at which H(ω) is 0dB and the angular frequency at which θ(ω) = -60°.
Return Instructions These instruction are used to transfer the program sequence from subroutine to the calling program. Basically it restores the previous contents of th
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