Explain insertion sort, Data Structure & Algorithms

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Q. Explain the insertion sort with a proper algorithm. What is the complication of insertion sort in the worst case?                                                                                                                              

Ans:

 

Insertion  Sort technique: One  of  the  easiest sorting algorithms is  the  insertion  sort.

Insertion sort comprises of - 1 passes. For pass = 2 through n, insertion sort assures that the elements in the positions 1 through are in sorted order. Insertion sort makes use of the fact those elements in positions 1 through - 1 are already known in the sorted order.

Void insertion_sort( input_type a[ ], unsigned int n )

{

unsigned int j, p;

input_type tmp;

a[0] = MIN_DATA;        /* sentinel */

for( p=2; p <= n; p++ )

{

tmp = a[p];

for( j = p; tmp < a[j-1]; j-- )

a[j] = a[j-1];

a[j] = tmp;

}

}

Because of the nested loops present, each of which can take iterations, insertion sort is O(n2). Furthermore, this bound is tight, because input in reverse order can actually obtain this bound. A precise calculation shows that the test at line 4 can be executed at most of the times for each value of p. By summing over all gives a total of (n(n-1))/2 = O(n2).

 


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