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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
Array Processing We have seen that for performing vector operations, the pipelining concept has been taken. There is another method for vector operations. If we have an array o
Q. Characteristics of decision support system? Characteristics of DSS- The qualities of the DSS are as follows: - 1. DSS focus on towards providing assistance in analyzing s
What techniques are used to increase the clock rate R? Ans: The 2 techniques used to increase the clock rate R are: 1. We can reduce the amount of processing done in one basi
Explain briefly how firewalls protect network. A firewall is simply a program or hardware device that filters the information coming by the Internet connection into your
1+3+5+....... +11
How many 128 × 8 RAM chips are required to provide a memory capacity of 2048 bytes. Ans. Available here RAM chips = 128 x 8 Required the memory capacity = 2048 x 8 No. of chip
How do you get workflow automation into e-business environment? In order to run smoothly, organizations frequently standardize processes across the organization and support use
calculate the time complexity of a=(b/c) operation in stack
How do you turn off cookies for single page in your site? We can turn off the cookies for one page:- By setting the Cookie. Discard property false.
Placement algorithm - computer architecture: Different strategies can be taken as to how space is allocated to processes: First fit : Allocate the first hole that is la
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