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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
write algorithm and draw flowchart for exchange the values of two variables.
Common Functions of Interrupts: An Interrupt transfers control to the interrupt service routine, generally through the interrupt vector table, which contains the addresses
Remember, the value of α is between 0 and 1. Now, let us put some values of α and compute the speed up factor for increasing values of number of processors. We get that the S(N) k
Q: Challenges and Prospects in Changing Information Technology? There is no doubt that information technology has made significant progress during the past two decades. Modern
Rhythm Rhythm in art refers to the way that your eye moves through a picture and can be thought of in a similar way to rhythm in music. Your eye will move through some picture
Q. Show the Frames inside other frames? Here we would discuss how to divide frames into different frames that is how to put horizontal frames in a vertical one and vice-versa.
Q. Illustration of a demon program? When the PVM initialize it inspects the virtual machine in that it's to operate and creates a process known as PVM demon or simply pvmd on e
Q. Show the Decimal equivalent of a binary number? In binary numbers we have two digits 0 and 1 in addition they can also be signified as a string of these two-digits known as
What is the function of the correction system? The correction system handles changes to internal system components. Like as objects of the ABAP/4 Dictionary.
Q. Block Format and Disk Layout on CD-ROM? A typical block format is displayed in Figure (a). It comprises the subsequent fields: Sync: Sync field identifies beginning o
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