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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
Levels of parallel processing We could have parallel processing at four levels. i) Instruction Level: Most processors have numerous execution units and can execute numero
Half Adder (for addition of two bits) Full Adder (for addition of three bits) Carry look ahead adder Carry save adder Carry propagate adder
#what is the history of computer science
The decimal equivalent of Binary number 10101 is ? Ans. 1x2 4 + 0x2 3 +1x2 2 +0x2 1 + 1x2 0 = 16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 21.
How do you turn off cookies for one page in your site? Use the Cookie. Abandon Property which Gets or sets the discard flag set by the server. When true, this property instruc
How do you create a permanent cookie? By setting the expiry date of the cookie to a later on time (like 10 years later.)
Name some Popular Internet Browsers There are many internet browers are available on internet. Some Popular Internet Browsers are: Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigato
State the structure of Verilog code you follow? A good template for your Verilog file is shown below. // timescale directive tells the simulator the base units and precision
Which Texts in the text elements of the program helps in changing the displayed names of variables in the parameters statement. Selection text in the elements of the program
Shared Memory System / Tightly Coupled System Shared memory multiprocessors have the subsequent features: For real-time high-speed processing these systems are preferabl
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