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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
IP specified that datagram can arrive in a different order than they were sent. If a fragment from one datagram arrives at a destination before all the segments from a previous dat
Like ULINE the statement VLINE is used to insert vertical lines. No , Vline is not used to insert vertical lines.
padovan string
Example of perceptrons: Here as an example function in which the AND boolean function outputs a 1 only but if both inputs are 1 and where the OR function only outputs a 1 then
Spirit Duplicating Equipment Required Spirit Duplicator (also known as hectograph) Thermal copier (optional) Materials Masters Hectographic carbon COPY pa
what is robot?explain different types of robots with respect to joints.
Capacity: Raw capacity Total amount of stored information that a medium or storage device can hold is expressed as a quantity of bytes and bits (for example 10.4 megabyte
Canonical Genetic Algorithm: In such a scenario with all search techniques there one of the first questions to ask along with GAs is how to define a search space that is actua
data floe diagrams for web conferencing
CGI stands for Common Gateway Interface, and is a mechanism by which a browser is permitted to communicate with programs running on a server. If you look at every word in turn it m
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