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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
Explain the uses of thumbwheels Two thumbwheels are usually required to control the screen cursor in its horizontal and vertical position respectively. As the name implies,
Granularity In 'Parallel computing', Granularity can be defined as a qualitative assess of the ratio of computation to communication. 1) Coarse Granularity - relatively hug
Explain network security. Network security means the security of networks and their services from unauthorized access, changes, destruction or disclosure. It gives for assuranc
The Transmission-Gate input is linked to the D_LATCH data input (D), the control input to the Transmission-Gate is linked to the D_LATCH enable input (EN) and the Transmission-Gate
my project is in .net of lan chatting its have tcp\ip connection problem
How are interrupt handled by the operating system? The fundamental interrupt mechanism works as follows: The CPU hardware has wire called the interrupt-request line which
Write a procedure which divides a 32-bit number by a 16-bit number. The procedure must be general which is it's defined in one module and can be called from another assembly module
The MSI chip 7474 is ? Ans. MSI chip 7474 is TTL, dual edge triggered D Flip-Flop.
Standard Query Operators are executed as extension methods in .NET Framework. These Standard Query Operators can be used to work with any collection of objects that executes the IE
Determine the equivalent Gray code for decimal number 6 ? Ans. The equivalent Gray code for decimal number 6 is 0101 Because the Decimal number 6 is equivalent to binary nu
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