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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
In 32bit IP Addressing scheme all 1's represent? All 1's represent limited broadcast in 32 bit IP Addressing scheme.
Artificial Intelligence 1. Explain about artificial intelligence? What are the achievements of AI? 2. Elaborate state space search briefly. 3. Prove that A* is optimal.
Q. Catch output from child tasks? int pvm_catchout( FILE *ff ) Catch output from child tasks. ff is file descriptor on which we write collected output. The defau
What are the two ways for restricting the value range for a domain? By specifying fixed values. By stipulating a value table.
Flynn's Classification Flynn's classification is based on multiplicity of data streams and instruction streams observed by the CPU during program execution. Let Ds and Is are
This question can be answered either with respect to English or with respect to a language other than English. (If you you are not a native speaker of the language of your choice,
Conversion of Decimal number 82.67 to its Binary Equivalent Ans. Firstly see the integer part 82 and determine its binary equivalent as The Binary equivalent is (101001
What''s is a lissajious pattern?
design a FULL adder with two half adders and an or gate
Autonomous Rational an Agents: In many cases, it is inaccurate to talk about a single program or a single robot, as the multi-purpose and multi-tasking system of hardware and
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