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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
TRANSFORMATION - THE PROCESS OF CHANGE Much of contemporary art and design practice and indeed popular culture is dedicated to looking at how change affects us as individuals a
Q. State the difference between following. i. RAM and ROM ii. SRAM and DRAM iii. Dynamic and static MOS memories
Explain Virtual Packets. The router can't transfer a copy of a frame from one kind of network to other since the frame formats be different. More significantly, the router cann
Synchronized with a clock signal Memory system considerations Speed Cost Size of chip Power dissipation Memory controller Refresh Overhead
Part I: 1. The program starts by printing your initial with an end sign ">". For example, "cjx >"; 2. Then, you can type in the following "vi filename". For example, "vi myp.c
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How do I update an existing copy of the source to the current version? Ans) As the common code changes, you might need to update your copy to have the lastest version. To do tha
Define the Architectural framework for electronic commerce. An application independent framework to categorize service interaction relies onto four fundamental dimensions a.
The total time to prepare a disk drive mechanism for a block of data to be read from is its ? Ans. latency plus seek time is the total time to prepare a disk drive mechanism fo
Q. What is control function? If transfer is to take place only under a predetermined control condition then this condition can be specified as a control function. For illustrat
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