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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
• Moral and Ethical Implications o Will this be safe to have on the road Will the computers on board be able to handle extreme circumstances • Hazardous conditions o Ex
Determine about the raster-scan systems Most of the present raster-scan systems contain a separate processor called as display processor. This processor performs graphics func
Difficulties - canonical genetic algorithm: Therefore the first big problem we face whether designing an "AI" agent to perform a GA-style search is how to represent the soluti
What are its advantages? How is segmentation implemented in typical microprocessors? The first benefit that memory segmentation has is that only 16 bit registers are necessary
Explain Simplifying the SOP f the Boolean expression using the K-Map? To simplify the SOP of the Boolean expression using the K map, first identify all the input combinations tha
Q. How to define a Filename in DOS? Each file is given a name so that it can be referred to later. This name is termed as Filename. The filename in DOS can be up to eight alpha
DNS is The horizontal naming system.
Explain SNMP (simple network management protocol). Once SNMP is used the management station sends a request to an agent asking this for commanding or information this to update
When can a user program execution be interrupted? It won't be desirable to interrupt a program when an instruction is being executed and is in a state such as instruction decod
Simplify the given expressions using Boolean postulates Y = (A + B)(A‾ + C)(B + C) Ans. Y = (A + B)(A‾ + C)(B + C) = (A A‾ + AC + B A‾ + BC) (B + C) = (AC + B A‾ + BC) (B + C)
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