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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
What is memory mapped I/O? When the I/O devices share the similar address space, the arrangement is known as memory mapped I/O.
Disadvantages of file processing system
What are the events done by the Kernel after a process is being swapped out from the main memory? When Kernel changes the process out of the primary memory, it performs the fol
Jobs which are admitted to the system for processing is called ? Ans. Long-term scheduling is admitted to the system for processing.
Performance Bottlenecks can be identified by using monitors. These monitors might be application server monitors, database server monitors, web server monitors and network monitors
a. Sketch the excitation diagram indicating the last states and next states. b. Build the circuit using a Synchronous Counter with JK FF and NAND gates only. Replicate the circ
(a) Consider a sinusoidal signal m(t) = A cos(2πfmt) applied to a delta modulator with step size Δ. Determine the range of the step size so that slope overload will be avoided. Ass
What is meant by inter process communication? Inter process Communication: The OS give the means for cooperating processes to communicate with each other through an inter pro
The chief reason why digital computers use complemented subtraction is that it ? Ans. By using complemented subtraction method negative numbers can easily be subtracted.
Explain the raster scan monitors The refresh process must also be performed for raster scan monitors. Most television monitors are raster scan display devices : one scan-line a
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