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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
Explain the Paging Unit Paging mechanism functions with 4K - byte memory pages or with a new extension available to Pentium with 4M byte-memory pages. In Pentium, with new 4M-b
third partial product of 13*11 in binary
It takes away two constraints which were holding back Web developments: 1. Dependence on a one, inflexible document type (HTML) which was being much abused for tasks it was neve
Direct Mapping: In this particular technique, block j of the primary memory maps onto block j modulo 128 of the cache. The primary memory blocks 0,128,256,...is loaded
Explain the Structure of Virtual Enterprise. The effective enterprise can be a suitable structure to explore the emerging opportunities for creating value within the informatio
Q. Can a vector have a component equivalent to zero and still have a nonzero magnitude? Answer:- Yes For example the 2-dimensional vector (1, 0) has length sqrt (1+0) = 1
Associative Array Processing Consider that a list of record or a table is stored in the memory and you want to search some information in that list. For example, the list havin
Vector-Scalar Instructions : In this type, when the combination of vector and scalar are fetched and saved in vector register. These instructions are denoted with the many function
Yes, it can be used, if an accurate clock frequency is not needed. Also, the component cost is low contrast to LC or Crystal.
Explain Priority encoder with an example. Ans. Priority encoder- Basically an encoder is a combinational circuit which performs the inverse operation of a decoder. The inp
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