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Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band?
Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through shifting their signals to various frequency groups in the spectrum therefore they can be transmitted simultaneously over common transmission service.
The bandwidth of a telephone speech signal is quite less than 4 kHz. Where, the available bandwidth on unloaded cables pair is fine above 100 kHz. Therefore this is possible, by using modulation techniques, for divide up the cable bandwidth then a number of telephone speech paths can be carried at the same time along a single cable pair. The normal arrangement contains 24 telephone channels per cable pair, the modulation in 24 channels being carried out within the two stages. In the primary stage, 12 channels are multiplexed together to form that is commonly termed as a basic group. This basic group arrangement is demonstrated in figure. Each of the 12 telephone signals are single side-band amplitude modulated on to carriers spaced at 4 kHz intervals 64 kHz to 108 kHz. The lower side-band (LSB) is utilized in every case. The 12 base-band signals are thus translated in the frequency band from 60 kHz 108 kHz as demonstrated. The block diagram for the channel translating equipment is specified in figure. To form a 24-channel system, to basic groups are occupied together. One basic group (B) is transmitted directly as this stands. Another basic group (A) is amplitude modulated on to a carrier are 120 kHz and the lower side-band is occupied such as to take the frequency range from 12 kHz to 60 kHz as demonstrated in figure. by using two stages of modulation for basic group A, this is possible to decrease the physical size of the component needed for the LSB filters of the figure, because the lowest cut- off frequency needed is at 64 kHz quite than 12 kHz when the whole block of 24 channels were assembled together in one stage of modulation.
FIG - Basic Group Arrangement
FIG - Channel Translating Equipment
Data Stream and Instruction Stream The term 'stream' refers to an order or flow of either data operated or instructions on by the computer. In the complete chain of instructi
No, You cannot apply the link and Association interchangeably. Since link is used show the relationship among the two objects. But Association is used signify the relationship
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iconic model problem
VuGen have two options to help debug Vuser scripts-the Run Step by Step command and breakpoints. The Debug settings in the Options dialog box permit us to verify the extent of the
write a program to copt values of object without using copy constructor or = operator
1) Discuss various types of persuasive communication you might be needed to write or present in your professional and personal life. 2) Describe two ways to organize a resume
Problem: a) Authoring tools consist of two basic features. First, an authoring facility for creating and editing, and second, a presentation vehicle for delivery. The authorin
Q Why we use addressing schemes? An operation code of an instruction tells the operation to be performed. This operation is executed on some data stored in memory or register.
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