Explain changes in gluten proteins during dough formation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Changes  In Gluten Proteins During Dough Formation

Initially, gluten is formed when flour and water are mixed together. The proteins in the flour, glutenin and gliadin cross  link, using water as a vehicle to form gluten. Enhancing this gluten structure  is important relative to developing a gas retaining structure in the chapati/bread.   When the hydrated bread flour is mixed and kneaded, the gluten proteins orient themselves aligns and partially unfolded. This enhances hydrophobic interaction and formation of disulphide bridges through -S-S- interchange reactions.  A  3-dimensional viscoelastic protein network is established, as the initial gluten particles transform into this membrane (film), thus serving to entrap starch  granules and other flour components.  Cleavage  of disulphide bridges by reducing agents such as cysteine,  destroys the cohesive structure of hydrated gluten and  bread dough ;  the addition of  agents  such  as  bromates,  increase  toughness    and elasticity. "Strong" flours from certain wheat varieties require long mixing time and give very cohesive dough. "Weak flours"  are less effective and  gluten network breaks down when the energy  or duration of mixing exceeds a certain level, probably because of -S-S-  bonds  are ruptured (especially in absence of  air). 

Dough strength  appears  to  be  related to a  large   content  of  high molecular   weight glutenins including totally insoluble  "residue proteins". From experiments with "reconstituted" wheat flours  of varying  gliadin and glutenin  ratios, it can be  postulated  that the  glutenins are responsible for the  elasticity,  cohesiveness and  mixing  tolerance  of  dough  whereas  gliadins   facilitate fluidity,   extensibility  and  expansion  of  the  dough, thus contributing  to a larger bread loaf volume. A proper balance of the proteins is essential for bread making.  Excessive  cohesion (glutenins)  inhibit \the expansion of trapped CO2 bubbles  during fermentation,  the rise of the dough and the subsequent  presence of  open  air cells in the bread  crumb.  Excessive extensibility (gliadins) results in gluten films that are weak and permeable; thus retention of CO2 is poor and dough collapse may occur.

 


Related Discussions:- Explain changes in gluten proteins during dough formation

How does photoperiodism affect the flowering of some plants, How does photo...

How does photoperiodism affect the flowering of some plants? The Flowering is an easy and typical to observe example of photoperiodism. Most of flowering plants flower only dur

Describe briefly tyndall effect, Tyndall Effect One of the best ways to...

Tyndall Effect One of the best ways to distinguish a solution from a colloidal dispersion is to use a strong beam of intense light. As the beam passes through a colloidal dispe

Levels of prevention, Family Centred Activities to Ensure Harmonious Relati...

Family Centred Activities to Ensure Harmonious Relationship: Between various members of  the family attitudes of mutual trust, love and respect for one another need  to be  fo

Signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia, Q. Signs and Symptoms of Hypoglycaemia...

Q. Signs and Symptoms of Hypoglycaemia? Let us now learn about signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia. It is important for you know these because you can help the patient and fami

Nurse case management , Organizational assessments are vital to the introdu...

Organizational assessments are vital to the introduction of Nurse Case Management (NCM) and Clinical Nurse Leaders (CNL)  ( I am in school for the CNL) Use the guidelines below

Explain the process of nuclear reorganization, Process of nuclear reorganiz...

Process of nuclear reorganization in protozoa in which nucleus divides, each half undergoes a maturation, and two persisting functional nuclei reunite is termed as: a) Autogamy

Pathogens, Give a brief overview of "HIV & Streptococcus Pyogenes" includin...

Give a brief overview of "HIV & Streptococcus Pyogenes" including signs and symptoms. Who is typically affected by this infection?(Children? Immunocompromised patients?)? What is t

Historically what were the two main evolutionary theories, Historically wha...

Historically what were the two main evolutionary theories? The two major evolutionary theories were darwinism and lamarckism.

Where are the adrenal glands located, Q. Where are the adrenal glands locat...

Q. Where are the adrenal glands located? How many are they and what are their portions? Each adrenal gland is located on the top of each kidney (forming a hat-like structure fo

Enema, Enema Enema may be given for the purpose of cleansing, for t...

Enema Enema may be given for the purpose of cleansing, for therapeutic purpose; to relieve intra-cranial pressure, abdominal distension, intusssception and for diagnostic p

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd