EXCRETORY ORGANS

1. In protozoa through plasmalemma by diffusion. Contractile vacuole present for osmoregulation (absent in parasitic and marine protozoa).
2. In porifera and coelenterata excretion takes place through body wall.
3. In platyhelmenthes flame cells or protonephridia or solenocytes present.
4. In aschelminthes coelomoducts present. In annelida nephredia are present.
5. In arthropoda malpighian tubules, green glands or antennary glands, coxal gland present.
6. In mollusca, coxal gland, renal gland, organ of bazonus, kebber's gland, metanepredia are present.
7. In echinoderm by water vescular system, or ambulacral system.
8. In protochordata by single glomerulus or proboscis gland.
9. In urochordata by supra renel gland or pyloric gland or nephrocyte.
10. In cephalo chordata by brown funnel or solenocyte or flame cells or Hetschek's nephridia.
11. In bdellostoma, myxine, fishes by pronephric kidney. In amphibia by mesonephric kidney.
12. In reptile to mammalia by metanephric kidney.