Differentiate soil horizons and mong the soil groups

To make precise differentiation among soil horizons and among the soil groups, the field data on soil morphology are supported with laboratory measurements of selected soil properties, viz. mechanical composition, bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity of saturation extract of soil, organic carbon, mineralogical composit ion(primary and secondary minerals)  etc. All these data are used in interpreting the soil forming processes which have acted over many years in shaping the characteristic soil horizons. We would like to emphasise that profile studies are the first step in understanding soil genesis and also the basis of soil classification.