Question:

(a) A Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is a communications network made up of radio nodes organized in a mesh topology.

i. Describe the function of a TAP in WMNs.
ii. Show the three fundamental security operations needed in WMNs.

(b) A VANET is a technology that uses moving cars as nodes in a network to create a mobile network.

i. What does the acronym VANET stands for?
ii. Describe why vehicular communications is gaining importance today.
iii. Show two security vulnerabilities of VANETs.
iv. Why is privacy an issue in such networks, considering the fact that today's vehicles have license plates?

(c) The security of smartcards is of critical importance since over one billion smartcards are being used today in banking services, telecommunication and various other areas.

i. Provide two advantages that smartcard technology offer to its consumers.
ii. Describe the function of the security logic and EEPROM within a smartcard.
iii. Show reasons why smartcards are popular targets for attackers.
iv. Outline two improvements made to smartcard technology in order to prevent analysis after de-layering from chemical solvents.
v. Describe how Parameter Poisoning Attacks can be performed and discuss on the countermeasures to prevent such attacks.