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Describe Physical Data independence ?
Physical Data Independence - It is capacity to modify the internal schema without having to change conceptual schema. Therefore, the external schemas required not be changed as well. Changes to the internal schema might be required because some physical files had to be reorganized to improve the performance of retrieval or update. If the similar data as before remains in the database, the conceptual schema requires not be changed.
Describe integrity constraints? Integrity Constraints - A database is just as excellent as the information stored in it, and a DBMS must therefore help avoid the entry of inc
What is meant by object-oriented data model? The object-oriented paradigm is based on encapsulation of data and code related to an object in to a one unit, whose contents are n
By which techniquesTransaction processing is associated? Transaction processing is associated by producing detail, summary, or exception reports and recording a business activi
Prove that a relation which is 4NF must be BCNF. Ans Let R be in 4NF. Suppose it is not in BCNF. Hence, there exists an FD X→Y in R such that x is not a super key. Although
Which model is record based logical model? Network Modelis basically known as record based logical model.
State the data flow diagram of functional model Any action initiated by transition in the state diagram can be extended into an entire data flow diagram in functional model. Th
Draw an E_R Model for the following: An organization uses number of items of a equipment to generates goods. Each item is at one LOCATION, of one TYPE and has a DETAILED_DISCRI
Dirty Reads: T10 reads a value which is updated by T9. This update has not been committed and T9 aborts. T9 T10 Value of x old value = 200
Instructions: Follow the instructions below for completing this project: 1. Creating the Database: · Use the physical table descriptions given below to define and create each t
Define about the Stored Procedure - It's a set of T-SQL statements combined together to perform a single task formed by combining numerous small tasks. - When you essentiall
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