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Describe Physical Data independence ?
Physical Data Independence - It is capacity to modify the internal schema without having to change conceptual schema. Therefore, the external schemas required not be changed as well. Changes to the internal schema might be required because some physical files had to be reorganized to improve the performance of retrieval or update. If the similar data as before remains in the database, the conceptual schema requires not be changed.
(1) Insert into PERSON Violated constraint: - Key constraint Reason: - Primary key 1 already exists in PERSON. Dealing: - DBMS could ask the user to provide valid PER
Give the forms of triggers? The triggering event can be insert or delete. For updated the trigger can state columns. The referencing old row as clause The referencing
I need solution of the question posted at http://www.expertsmind.com/questions/sql-query-for-testing-triggers-and-stored-procedures-30140149.aspx
Serialisability: Any schedule that makes the similar results as a serial schedule is known as a serialisable schedule. But how can a schedule are determined to be serialisable or n
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Explain I command in QBE ? I : It is the command in QBE that is used to insert tuple (s) into the database
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Define functional and multivalued dependencies. Ans: A functional dependency is a assets of the semantics of the attributes in a relation. The semantics point out how at
A super key is an attribute or set of attributes used to recognize the records uniquely in a relation. For instance, in the Relation PERSON defines earlier PERSON_ID is a super
Timestamps For Read operations: If TS (T) If TS (T) >= W-timestamp (Q), then the transaction T is trying to read a value of data item Q which has been written and committed
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