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Describe Physical Data independence ?
Physical Data Independence - It is capacity to modify the internal schema without having to change conceptual schema. Therefore, the external schemas required not be changed as well. Changes to the internal schema might be required because some physical files had to be reorganized to improve the performance of retrieval or update. If the similar data as before remains in the database, the conceptual schema requires not be changed.
Consider the join of a relation R with relation S. If R has m tuples and S has n tuples, then the maximum size of join is: If R has m tuples and S has n tuples then maximum siz
Why does a DBMS query language is designed? A DBMS query language is designed to support end users who use English-like commands. support in the development of complex applicat
The ER diagram clearly showing the additional tables you have implemented. SQL table creation scripts for the tables you have set up. SQL scripts showing the sample data you
What is view in SQL? How is it defined? Any relation that is not part of the logical model, but is made visible to a user as a virtual relation is known as a view. We descri
Explain weak and strong entity type ? Weak and Strong entity type: An entity set which does not have a primary key is referred to as a weak entity set. The existence of a wea
What is recursive closure? Why is it not possible to describe this operation in relational algebra? Recursive closure is applied to recursive relationship. An instance of rec
explain three types of internet risks to the consummers whent he business system is data dependent. how can we minimise these risks
Question: a) Discuss the concept of data independence, explaining its importance in a database environment. b) To address the issue of data independence, the ANSI-SPARC t
Define weak and strong entity sets? Weak entity set: entity set that do not have key attribute of their own are known as weak entity sets. Strong entity set
we need example of 2phase locking
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