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Describe Physical Data independence ?
Physical Data Independence - It is capacity to modify the internal schema without having to change conceptual schema. Therefore, the external schemas required not be changed as well. Changes to the internal schema might be required because some physical files had to be reorganized to improve the performance of retrieval or update. If the similar data as before remains in the database, the conceptual schema requires not be changed.
What is the archtetype/instance pattern? The archetype/instance pattern happens when one entity tracks occurrences of another entity. A common example is the relationship among
You have a friend that runs a motor bike club that holds racing events at various venues on weekends, on a monthly basis. Some venues are private race tracks and some are dirt trac
What is a view? A view is a logical view on one or more tables. A view on one or more tables i.e., the data from a view is not actually physically kept instead being derived f
Define an abstraction by which relationships are treated as higher level entities Ans: Aggregation. It is an abstraction by which relationships are treated as higher level
Define null values. In some cases a certain entity may not have an applicable value for an attribute or if we do not know the value of an attribute for a certain entity. In the
How is concurrency identified? Concurrency in objects can be identified by the way they alter their state. Current objects can change their state independently. Aggregation imp
What is the difference between serial and sequential files? How searching is applied on both? Ans: A serial file is one where the records have been stored in the order where
System error :These contain errors in database system or the OS, example, deadlocks.Such errors are fairly hard to detect and need reprogramming the erroneous components of the sys
What is a trigger
Difference between LEFT OUTER JOIN and RIGHT OUTER JOIN In left outer join tuples from the left-hand-side relation which do not match any tuple in the right-hand-side relation
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