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Define the terms
i) DDL
ii) DML
DDL: Data base schema is specified by a set of definitions expressed by a special language known as a data definition language.
DML: A data manipulation language is a language that enables users to access or manipulate data as organized by the suitable data model.
Question: This Question refers to the database schema given in the Appendix. (a) The integrity of a database is enforced by integrity rules. Discuss what should happen on a
Describe the algorithm for updating indices for a single level index when a record is (i) Inserted (ii) deleted What will be the modification if there are multilevel in
One-to-many : An entity in A is related with any number of entities in B. An entity in B is related with at the most one entity in A. Example: Relationship between faculty and d
What is a candidate key? Minimal super keys are known as candidate keys.
What is advantage of two-way association? Two-way association advantages are following: a) Independent of the classes. b) Useful for existing predefined classes that are
What are the time stamps associated with each data item? W-timestamp (Q) denotes the largest time stamp if any transaction that implemented WRITE (Q) successfully. R-timesta
Explain the concepts of relational data model? Relational Data Model - The relational model was first introduced through Prof. E.F. Codd of the IBM Research in the year 1970
System R was developed and designed over a period of 1974-79 at IBM San Jose Research Company. Its purpose was to illustrate that it is possible to create a Relational System tha
What is system log? What are the entries? Ans: The system log that is generally written on stable storage contains the redundant data required to recover from volatile
Explain the concept of generalization and aggregation in E_R diagrams. Give one example for each one of them? Generalization: Consider extending the entity set account throug
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