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Define the Canonical cover
Ans: A canonical cover Fc for F is a set of dependencies like F logically implies all dependencies in Fc, and Fc logically entails all dependencies in F. Fc must have the subsequent properties:
Fc is minimal in certain sense - it does not consist of extraneous attributes, and it combines functional dependencies with similar left side. It is cheaper to test Fc than it is to test F itself.
Multi-Key File Organisation In this part, we will introduce two basic file Organisation schemes that permit records to be accessed by more than one key field, therefore, allowi
Explain the Aggregation implies concurrency Concurrency actually is: This in objects can be identified by the way they change state. Present objects can change state independen
What is SQL Profiler? SQL Profiler is a graphical tool that permits system administrators to monitor events in an instance of Microsoft SQL Server. You can capture and save dat
You are managing the following database system: • DBMS: Oracle 11g • OS: Sun Solaris • System architecture: Web-based application using ASP.Net • Purpose of Server: HR managem
Lack of Redundancy We have talked about the problems of repetition of information in a database. Such repetition should be stay away as much as possible. Let us state once again t
What are uncommitted modifications? The immediate-modification technique permits database modifications to be output to the database whereas the transaction is still in the act
What is the use of integrity constraints? Integrity constraints make sure that changes made to the database by authorized users do not result in a loss of data consistency. The
read-set(T) : Each data items that are read by a transaction T Timestamps : for all transaction T, the start-time and the end time are reserved for all the three phases.
assume we have the following apllicationthat model sccer team the games they play and the players inv each teamin the design we want to capture
What are advantages of object models? Object models are efficient for communicating with the application experts and reaching a consensus about the significant aspects of the p
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