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A Unix shell is a shell or command-line interpreter that gives a traditional user interface for the Unix-likesystems and for Unix operating system. Users operates the operation of the computer by entering instructions as text for a command line interpreter to run or by creating text scripts of one or more such instructions.
The most influential Unix shells have been the C shell and the Bourne shell. The Bourne shell, sh, was prepared by Stephen Bourne at AT&T as the general Unix command line interpreter; it produced the basic features common to all the Unix shells, adding piping, here documents, variables, command substitution, control structures for condition-testing and filename wildcarding and looping. The language, adding the use of a declared keyword to use the end of a block, was added by ALGOL 68.
Processes- Making the System More Responsive and Useful A method by definition build up of a code execution and resource ownership. A process has two main characteristics, code
Utility Programs: those programs which are not the essential part of operating system. But they provide different utilities / features to the users e.g. MS-DOS : Fdisk, FORMAT, AT
Interrupts The hardware mechanism that enables a device to inform the CPU is called an interrupt. The basic interrupt mechanism works as follows. The CPU hardware has a wire kn
Q. Polling for an I/O completion is able to waste a large number of CPU cycles if the processor iterates a busy-waiting loop several times before the I/O completes. However if the
The dynamic memory allocator is a layer between the application and the OS, managing heap objects. When a program requests memory from the allocator (via malloc(), for instance), t
Briefly explain process management in Windows 2000. The Windows 2000 process manager provides for deleting, creating and using threads and processes. It has no knowledge about
What are race conditions? Race conditions are problems that take place due to the sharing of the same file by several processes. In such a case none of the processes is able to
Define Enforcing Modularity for C Additionally, in C it is sometimes necessary to create modularity of design. C++ is very natural model for component based application design
Second chance Algorithm When the page is chosen the reference bit is checked to see whether it has been referenced before. If that is the case after that it is given a second c
Explain why SSTF scheduling tends to favor middle cylinders over the innermost and outermost cylinders. The center of the disk is the location having the fewest average distanc
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