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Define Effect of feeding method on drug availability?
The form in which a drug is administered or enters the body can influence its absorption, metabolism or excretion. This becomes more pronounced among critically ill patients who cannot consume drugs orally and are on enteral food support. If the drug has to be administered though the enteral feeding tube it needs to be either crushed or dissolved in a solvent. Crushing oral preparations to pass down the tube may alter their absorption time/activity.
Some of the drugs cannot be added to the food infusion as it may alter their stability. Several drugs are available only in the form of tablets or capsules, dissolving these in feed, water, alcohol or sorbitol may not always be feasible. Drug such as cimetidine, aluminium hydroxide, metaclorpromide are physically incompatible with enteral foods. Certain drugs like phenytoin form complexes with calcium and protein thereby resulting in markedly reduced absorption of this medication. Such drugs need to given only by stopping enteral feed infusions for 1-2 hours. Patients on total parenteral nutrition generally have a separate tube (catheter) for infusion of drugs. Toxicity/over dosage of drugs is frequently observed in case of certain drugs administered directly into the blood.
Autumn (fall) overturn In autumn or early winter the air temperature falls, resulting in the cooling of the surface waters. When the surface water cools to 4°C it becomes dens
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Explain Transposition with VSD and Pulmonary Stenosis ? In the early years Rastelli and le Compte operations had 20 to 30 per cent mortality. This has been reduced to 5 per c
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Define Vigorous or vigorously active lifestyles - physical activity? These people engage regularly in strenuous work or in strenuous leisure activities for several hours. Examp
Regeneration in Hydra You previously know that the Hydra has spectacular regenerative ability. The hydra is a small tubular, two layered fresh water animal computing 20mm in
Disability evaluations after injuries: (a) Explain the following terms: "duration of disability" and "degree of disability". (b) Explain how degrees of disability after injur
What is the difference between chromosomes and chromatin?
E s o pha g e a l obstruction It is also known as choke. It may be acute or chronic and is characterized by inability to swallow, regurgitation and bloat. E t
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