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Atomicity: Either all functions are laid out or none are. Users could not have to think about the effect of incomplete operations. DBMS ensures this by undoing the functions of incomplete operations.
Aggregation: A concept which is needed to model a relationship between relationships and a collection of entities. It is used when we require express a relationship among relationships.
Name the three major groups of files on disk that devolve a database in Oracle There are three major groups of files on disk that devolve a database.
The most important of these are the database folders where the actual data insides. The control files and the redo logs support the properties of the architecture itself. All three groups of files must be open, present, and available to Oracle for any data on the database to be utilized. Without these files, you cannot operate the database, and the database administrator has to answer some or the entire database needs a backup, if there is one.
what are information system hirarchy?
Can a stored procedure call itself or recursive stored procedure? How much level SP nesting is possible? Yes. Because Transact-SQL supports recursion, you can write kept proced
Explain trigger? Trigger: A database trigger is procedural code which is automatically executed within response to certain events on a particular table in a database. Trigger
What is the meaning of Data Independence ?
State the terms Designing the database and Normalization Designing the database: Out of the ERD we have formed, it is very easy to verify the tables, the attributes which the
What do you mean through integrity constraints? Integrity Constraints -An integrity constraint is a condition specified on a database schema and restricts the data in which
Consider the following relational scheme: R (a,b,c,d,e,f) and its corresponding set of FDs {d→ a, be → c, ac → e, b → f, f → d, a → c}. a. Is the following decomposition i) non
Define two-phase locking protocol. Ans: Two-phase locking is significance in the context of ensuring that schedules are serializable. The two-phase locking protocol defines a p
Example: //REVOKE ALL ON EMP FROM MCA12; (All permissions will be cancelled) You can also cancel only some of the permissions. Drop: A user-
Question: a) Discuss the concept of data independence, explaining its importance in a database environment. b) To address the issue of data independence, the ANSI-SPARC t
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