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Define age related changes in Immune mechanisms
The immune competence decreases with age. This affects the cell-mediated and humoral immunity. We will learn about these aspects later in Unit 3. The thymus involutes (roll inwards), there is an increase in T cell auto reactivity and autoantibody titre. This makes the elderly more susceptible to infections. The severity of ageing can be reduced by good nutrition, regular physical exercises and mental tranquility.
Method of science: We have seen above that science is an enaeavour to understand nature and to mould it to satisfy human needs. In earlier units we have seen that, in this pr
Explain the Counter Current Mechanism? What is counter current mechanism? Counter current mechanism is the mechanism by which the kidneys produce osmotically concentrated urine
Explain the Phagocytosis Phagocytosis includes the ingestion of particulate material including complete pathogenic microorganisms. The plasma membrane expands around the partic
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Explain Temperature Regulation - Physiology of Growth and Development Surface area of the infant per unit weight is larger than the adult; hence infant loses/gains heat from th
What is permanent wilting percentage As plants absorb water from a soil, they lose most of it through evaporation at the leaf surface. Some water is also lost by evaporation d
Explain Antibodies Antibodies (also referred to as immunoglobulins and garnmaglobulins) are produced by plasma cells. They are Y-shaped proteins that each respond to a specific
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State the harmul effects of Acidity of soil Acidity of soil may have harmful effects on plants due to the effect on enzymatic changes, reduced availability of nutrients like c
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