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Declaring Objects:
You can use the object types wherever built-in types like CHAR or NUMBER can be used. In the block below, you can declare object r of type Rational. Then, you can call the constructor for the object type Rational to initialize the object. The calls assign the values 6 & 8 to attributes num and den, correspondingly.
DECLARE
r Rational;
BEGIN
r := Rational(6, 8);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(r.num); -- prints 6
You can declare objects as the formal parameters of the functions and procedures. In that way, you can pass objects to the stored subprograms and from one subprogram to the other. In the later illustration, you use the object type Account to specify the datatype of a formal parameter:
...
PROCEDURE open_acct (new_acct IN OUT Account) IS ...
In the illustration below, you can use object type Account to specify the return type of the function:
FUNCTION get_acct (acct_id IN INTEGER) RETURN Account IS ...
GOTO Statement The GOTO statement branches to a label unconditionally. The label must be exclusive within its scope and should precede an executable statement or a PL/SQL block.
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Number Types The Number types permit you to store the numeric data (real numbers, integers, and floating-point numbers), show quantities, and do computations. BINARY_INTEG
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What Are Cursor Variables ? The Cursor variables are like C or Pascal pointers that hold the memory location (address) of some item rather of the item itself. Therefore, decl
What Is a Record ? A record is a group of related data items that stored in the fields, each with its own name and datatype. Assume that you have different data about an em
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Substitution and Instantiation - SQL It shows how NULL might appear in substitution for a parameter of a predicate and how it might thus participate in instantiation of that p
DBMS_OUTPUT: The Package DBMS_OUTPUT enables you to display output from the PL/SQL subprograms and blocks, that makes it easier to test and debug them. The procedure put_ line
Example of WHEN or THEN Constraints A concrete example showing how SQL supports WHEN/THEN constraints CREATE TABLE SAL_HISTORY (EmpNo CHAR (6), Salary INTEGER NOT NULL,
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