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Declaring Objects:
You can use the object types wherever built-in types like CHAR or NUMBER can be used. In the block below, you can declare object r of type Rational. Then, you can call the constructor for the object type Rational to initialize the object. The calls assign the values 6 & 8 to attributes num and den, correspondingly.
DECLARE
r Rational;
BEGIN
r := Rational(6, 8);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(r.num); -- prints 6
You can declare objects as the formal parameters of the functions and procedures. In that way, you can pass objects to the stored subprograms and from one subprogram to the other. In the later illustration, you use the object type Account to specify the datatype of a formal parameter:
...
PROCEDURE open_acct (new_acct IN OUT Account) IS ...
In the illustration below, you can use object type Account to specify the return type of the function:
FUNCTION get_acct (acct_id IN INTEGER) RETURN Account IS ...
Using Aliases The Select-list items fetched from a cursor related with the %ROWTYPE should have simple names or, if they are expressions, should have aliases. In the example bel
Deriving Predicates from Predicates in SQL The corresponding section in the theory book describes how predicates can be derived from predicates using (a) the logical connectiv
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BETWEEN Operator The operator BETWEEN, tests whether the value lies in a specified series. That means "greater than or equivalent to low value and less than or equivalent to hig
What Are Subprograms? The Subprograms are named PL/SQL blocks which can take parameters and be invoked. The PL/SQL has 2 types of subprograms known as the procedure s and func
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Fetching from a Cursor Variable The FETCH statement retrieve rows one at a time from the product set of a multi-row query. The syntax for the same is as shown: FETCH {curso
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Multiset types - SQL An SQL multiset is what in mathematics is also known as a bag-something like a set except that the same element can appear more than once. The body of an
Procedures The procedure is a subprogram which can take parameters and be invoked. Normally, you can use a procedure to perform an action. The procedure has 2 sections: the spe
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