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Declaring Objects:
You can use the object types wherever built-in types like CHAR or NUMBER can be used. In the block below, you can declare object r of type Rational. Then, you can call the constructor for the object type Rational to initialize the object. The calls assign the values 6 & 8 to attributes num and den, correspondingly.
DECLARE
r Rational;
BEGIN
r := Rational(6, 8);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(r.num); -- prints 6
You can declare objects as the formal parameters of the functions and procedures. In that way, you can pass objects to the stored subprograms and from one subprogram to the other. In the later illustration, you use the object type Account to specify the datatype of a formal parameter:
...
PROCEDURE open_acct (new_acct IN OUT Account) IS ...
In the illustration below, you can use object type Account to specify the return type of the function:
FUNCTION get_acct (acct_id IN INTEGER) RETURN Account IS ...
set serveroutput on declare a number(5); b number(5); c number(5); begin a:=&a; b:=&b; c:=a/b; dbms_output.put_line(c); exception when zero_d
Ending Transactions A good quality programming practice is to commit or roll back every transaction explicitly. Whether you rollback or issue the commit in your PL/SQL program
Write a query to find academics that are authors and that have only ever coauthored papers with authors from institutes in the same state as their own. List their academic number,
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SELECT a.child_fname,a.child_lname,concat(b.parent_title,b.parent_fname), b.parent_lname,b.parent_tphone FROM child a,parent b WHERE a.parent_id=b.parent_id ORDER BY a.child_fnam
Comparison Operators Usually, you use the comparison operators in the WHERE clause of a data manipulation statement to form the predicates, that compare one expression to anot
Components of an Object Type: An object type encapsulates the operations and data. Therefore, you can declare the methods and attributes in an object type specification, but no
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