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Declaring Objects:
You can use the object types wherever built-in types like CHAR or NUMBER can be used. In the block below, you can declare object r of type Rational. Then, you can call the constructor for the object type Rational to initialize the object. The calls assign the values 6 & 8 to attributes num and den, correspondingly.
DECLARE
r Rational;
BEGIN
r := Rational(6, 8);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(r.num); -- prints 6
You can declare objects as the formal parameters of the functions and procedures. In that way, you can pass objects to the stored subprograms and from one subprogram to the other. In the later illustration, you use the object type Account to specify the datatype of a formal parameter:
...
PROCEDURE open_acct (new_acct IN OUT Account) IS ...
In the illustration below, you can use object type Account to specify the return type of the function:
FUNCTION get_acct (acct_id IN INTEGER) RETURN Account IS ...
Explicitly specifying the join condition - SQL SELECT * FROM IS_CALLED JOIN IS_ENROLLED_ON ON ( IS_CALLED.StudentId = IS_ENROLLED_ON.StudentId ) Now, the key word JO
%FOUND Until the SQL data manipulation statement is executed, the %FOUND yields NULL. Afterward, the %FOUND yields TRUE, when an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement affected o
Built-In Functions The PL/SQL provides a lot of powerful functions to help you to manipulate the data. These built-in functions fall into the categories as shown below: error r
Question 1 . Compare SQL and PL/SQL Question 2 . Write a database trigger to implement the following check condition Given the following table
Cursor Variables As Parameters You can declare the cursor variables as the formal parameters of the functions and procedures. In the illustration below, you define the REF CUR
In Packages The Forward declarations also group logically related subprograms in the package. The subprogram specifications go in the package specification, & the subprogram b
INSERT Statement The INSERT statement adds fresh rows of data to the specified database table or view. Syntax:
SELECT a.child_fname,a.child_lname,concat(b.parent_title,b.parent_fname), b.parent_lname,b.parent_tphone FROM child a,parent b WHERE a.parent_id=b.parent_id ORDER BY a.child_fnam
Block Structure The PL/SQL is a block-structured language. That is, the fundamental units (procedures, anonymous blocks, and functions) that make up a PL/SQL program are logi
UNNEST operator in SQL The inverse operator of GROUP is UNGROUP. SQL has an operator, UNNEST, that can be used for similar purposes, but its method of invocation is somewhat p
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