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Declaring Objects:
You can use the object types wherever built-in types like CHAR or NUMBER can be used. In the block below, you can declare object r of type Rational. Then, you can call the constructor for the object type Rational to initialize the object. The calls assign the values 6 & 8 to attributes num and den, correspondingly.
DECLARE
r Rational;
BEGIN
r := Rational(6, 8);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(r.num); -- prints 6
You can declare objects as the formal parameters of the functions and procedures. In that way, you can pass objects to the stored subprograms and from one subprogram to the other. In the later illustration, you use the object type Account to specify the datatype of a formal parameter:
...
PROCEDURE open_acct (new_acct IN OUT Account) IS ...
In the illustration below, you can use object type Account to specify the return type of the function:
FUNCTION get_acct (acct_id IN INTEGER) RETURN Account IS ...
Name Resolution In potentially uncertain SQL statements, the names of the database columns take precedence over the names of the local variables and formal parameters. For e.g.
Scope Rules You cannot declare an exception twice in the similar block. Though, you can, declare the similar exception in 2 different blocks. The Exceptions declared in a bloc
Collection Methods: The collection method is a built-in function or procedure which operates on the collections and is called using the dot notation. The methods like the C
Keys in SQL SQL support for keys in the following respects: SQL does not require at least one key for every base table. If no key is explicitly declared, then KEY {ALL B
Recursion versus Iteration Dissimilar the iteration, recursion is not crucial to PL/SQL programming. Any problem which can be solved using recursion can be solving using the it
Updating Variables For assignment, SQL uses the key word SET, as in SET X = X + 1 (read as "set X equal to X+1") rather than X: = X + 1 as found in many computer languages.
Disjunction (OR, ∨) Again we have nine rows instead of just four and again, when unknown is not involved, the rows are as for 2VL. Also, when anything is paired with true, t
Procedural Constraint Enforcement (Triggers) SQL has an alternative method of addressing database integrity, involving event-driven procedural code. The special procedures th
Information Hiding With the information hiding, you see only the details that are significant at a given level of algorithm and data structure design. The Information hiding
%TYPE: This attribute gives the datatype of a formerly declared collection, cursor variable, object, field, record, database column, or variable. Datatype: This is simply
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