Common or random causes - causes of variability, Operation Management

Assignment Help:

Common or Random Causes - Causes of Variability

Consider throwing a pair of dice. The possible outcomes range from 2 to 12, but with different probabilities of occurrence (see figure below). Over a long series of throws, '2' would result in about 3 per cent (1/36) of the throws, and '7' would result in about 17 per cent (6/36) of them. However, the result of a particular throw is unpredictable. It will be determined by a number of variables which interact in a manner of which we have no detailed knowledge at the time of the throw e.g. the trajectories of the dice as they leave the hand, the microscopic contours of the surfaces of the dice and landing surface, the mechanical properties of the surfaces at the points of contact, etc. Such variables are called common causes.

2073_Common or random causes - causes of variability.png

When, in the long run, the outputs of a process can be expressed in probabilistic terms, the process is described as a common cause system. Manufacturing processes are typically common cause systems. That is, even when great care is taken in the set up and control of the process, variability of the output occurs. This variability cannot be reduced unless the process is changed. Statistical methods provide a means of registering common-cause variations and distinguishing them from the second type, assignable causes.


Related Discussions:- Common or random causes - causes of variability

Operation research, what is or ? Features and limitations of or?

what is or ? Features and limitations of or?

Draw these samples on the control charts, Plot these samples on the control...

Plot these samples on the control charts and circle any observations that appear to be out of control. mean (micronsa)(n=4) minimum maximum 4.134 4.011 4.612 3.913 3.891 4.474 4.58

Explain what suggestions do you have for improving program, Go to skillsoft...

Go to skillsoft.com, the website for Skill soft, a company that specializes in providing e-learning solutions. Move the cursor over Info Center, then over Demos. Click on Business

Define the break-even point for each range, A manager must decide how many ...

A manager must decide how many machines of a certain type to purchase. Each machine can process 100 customers per day. One machine will result in a fixed cost of $2000 per day, whi

Explain level of competitive intensity in an industry, According to Porter,...

According to Porter, what determines the level of competitive intensity in an industry?

Explain seniority systems, 1. Employers justify pay differentials on:...

1. Employers justify pay differentials on: a. seniority systems b. production based pay systems c. merit pay systems. D all the above 2. A successful private plainti

Explain how compensation information is tracked, 1) An organization followi...

1) An organization following a differentiation strategy would most likely offer a compensation mix which was made up of: a. performance bonus. b. comprehensive benefits. c

Explain percentage must materials cost be reduced, Merk, Inc., produces ele...

Merk, Inc., produces electronics component on an assembly line. The standard cost for the component is $105 (labor $15, materials $60, and other costs $30). The sellings price is $

MBA, Describe the various approahes to tqm

Describe the various approahes to tqm

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd