Children with infective endocarditis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Among neonates, IE typically involves the tricuspid valve of structurally normal hearts and is associated with very high mortality rates.  It is likely that many of these episodes arise as a consequence of infected intra venous and right heart catheters as well as cardiac surgery. The vast majority of children with IE occurring after the neonatal period have identifiable structural cardiac abnormalities. Rheumatic heart disease is the major predisposition for IE in developing countries. Congenital heart abnormalities, particularly those involving the aortic valve; ventricular septal defects; tetralogy of Fallot; and other complex structural anomalies associated with cyanosis (TGA, single ventricle) are found in remaining cases. Of children with IE on congenital defects, 50 per cent develop infection after cardiac surgery; in these children, infection frequently involves prosthetic valves, valved conduits, or synthetic patches. Mitral valve prolapse generally in association with a regurgitant murmur has been recognized to predispose to IE in children.

Endocarditis among neonates is caused primarily by S.aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and group B streptococci.  Occasionally infection is caused by  gram- negative bacilli and candida species. Among older children, streptococci, the predominant cause account for at least 40 per cent of cases, and S. aureus occurring as a nosocomial or community acquired  acute infection is the second most common cause of IE.

The clinical features and echocardiographic findings of IE in children are similar to those noted among adults with NVE or PVE, respectively. In contrast, IE among neonates is more cryptic; the clinical  picture is dominated  by  bacteremia, and classical signs of  IE  are  rare.


Related Discussions:- Children with infective endocarditis

Considerations for congestive cardiac failure, Q. Considerations for conges...

Q. Considerations for congestive cardiac failure? - Subjects with congestive cardiac failure often tolerate small frequent meals better than larger infrequent meals as these a

Circulation - initiation of cpr, Circulation: If central pulses (femor...

Circulation: If central pulses (femoral  in infants and  carotid in  children) are not  palpable, begin chest compression without losing any time.  In  young infants, encircle

Classification, claasification of phylum porifera

claasification of phylum porifera

Find the effective spring constant of the molecule, A Molecule of DNA is 2....

A Molecule of DNA is 2.17 um long. The ends of the molecule become strongly ionixed: negative on one end, positive on the other. The helical molecule acts like a spring and compres

Potential and excitation threshold for neurons, Q. How different are the co...

Q. How different are the concepts of action potential, resting potential and excitation threshold concerning neurons? Action potential is the maximum positive voltage level ach

Describe insulin resistance in non-conventional factors, Describe Insulin r...

Describe Insulin resistance in Non-conventional Factors ? Insulin resistance refers to a generalized metabolic disorder in which various tissues are resistant to normal levels of

When aerobic cells carry out fermentation, Under which conditions do aerobi...

Under which conditions do aerobic cells carry out fermentation? Some cells that as a rule get energy from aerobic cellular respiration can carry out fermentation when oxygen is

Male reproductive disorders-preputial prolapse, Preputial prolapse Thi...

Preputial prolapse This deformity is seen in some of the tropical zebu breeds but is not uncommon in European breeds. Initially, it begins as a temperory eversion of a small p

Properties of foods, Q. Properties of foods? various properties of food...

Q. Properties of foods? various properties of foods, under which the quality attributes of foods were introduced to you in terms of food quality and its categories as appearanc

Polyphyletic theory, Please I need short notes on polyphylrtic theory

Please I need short notes on polyphylrtic theory

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd