Chemical Stress

Survival of cells is dependent on carrying out of a set of chemical reactions (metabolic reactions) in a particular order. This results in a net gain in mass as well as energy n a growing cell. Even for dormant cells as in dormant buds and seeds, where there may not be any net gain in mass, a certain amount of energy must be spent to maintain them in a viable state. Various catabolic and anabolic pathways operate according to the availability of chemical constituents present in the cytoplasm.