Cardiac output and its determination, Biology

Assignment Help:

The cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped from the heart every minute. It is obtained by the volume pumped with each beat (stroke volume) multiplied by the heart rate. The cardiac output increases during exercise and falls in the common type of heart failure. The stroke volume depends in part on the amount of blood in the ventricule at the end of diastole. This determines the degree of stretch of the myocardial fibre. The greater the stretch (within limits) the stronger the force of contraction and the greater the stroke volume (Starlings law of the heart).

Control of the heart rate depends on the ratio of the sympathetic (increases) and parasympathetic (decreases) impulses to the sino atrial node which  is the cardiac pacemaker. Receptors sensitive to pressure are located in the carotid sinus and the wall of the arch of the aorta.When the carotid sinus detects a sudden  rise in arterial pressure, impulses pass from the carotid baroreceptors to the cardiac control centre in the medulla and impulses sent through the parasympathetic system reduce the heart rate. Similar effects result from  the aortic baroreceptors as well. If the blood pressure drops the heart rate is reflexly increased. Various other reflexes from anger, fear, pain, temperature, etc. also increase the heart rate.


Related Discussions:- Cardiac output and its determination

What do you mean by blinking and peering in the eyelid, What do you mean by...

What do you mean by blinking and peering in the eyelid? Blinking and Peering: Blinking considers as to the opening and closing movements of the eyelid. The function of b

Experiment of a simple osmometer, A simple osmometer Remove the bottom ...

A simple osmometer Remove the bottom from a small glass bottle about 2.5 cm in diameter. Fit a one-hole stopper tightly into the bottom and put a 50 cm length of glass tubing o

What are the major organic molecules for living beings, Q. What are the maj...

Q. What are the major significant organic molecules for living beings? There are many types of organic molecules that are important for the living beings. Particularly importan

Peristaltic movements of the intestines, Q. Which is the kind of muscle tis...

Q. Which is the kind of muscle tissue that performs the peristaltic movements of the intestines? The smooth muscle tissue is responsible for the peristaltic movements of the in

Ecology, Benefits of energy pyramids

Benefits of energy pyramids

Rash, Rash   Diseases such as Lyme disease and SLE which present with r...

Rash   Diseases such as Lyme disease and SLE which present with rash may be mistaken for ARF. Lyme disease presents with characteristic rash and arthritis (which appears 1 to 2

The basics of dna cloning, There  are a broad  range  of various  process  ...

There  are a broad  range  of various  process  for cloning  DNA  into  either viral  or plasmid vectors  but the basic  scheme  of events  is frequently  same.  To clone into a pl

Tanco beans plant, what are the origin, morphology, active constituents, us...

what are the origin, morphology, active constituents, uses and market preparation of tanco beans

What is low - density lipoprotein receptor pathway, Q. What is low - densit...

Q. What is low - density lipoprotein receptor pathway? Ans. The increasing cellular free cholesterol generated regulates the activities of two enzymes that are of crucial

Developmental biology, do you have college level developmental biologists a...

do you have college level developmental biologists available

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd