Cardiac output and its determination, Biology

Assignment Help:

The cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped from the heart every minute. It is obtained by the volume pumped with each beat (stroke volume) multiplied by the heart rate. The cardiac output increases during exercise and falls in the common type of heart failure. The stroke volume depends in part on the amount of blood in the ventricule at the end of diastole. This determines the degree of stretch of the myocardial fibre. The greater the stretch (within limits) the stronger the force of contraction and the greater the stroke volume (Starlings law of the heart).

Control of the heart rate depends on the ratio of the sympathetic (increases) and parasympathetic (decreases) impulses to the sino atrial node which  is the cardiac pacemaker. Receptors sensitive to pressure are located in the carotid sinus and the wall of the arch of the aorta.When the carotid sinus detects a sudden  rise in arterial pressure, impulses pass from the carotid baroreceptors to the cardiac control centre in the medulla and impulses sent through the parasympathetic system reduce the heart rate. Similar effects result from  the aortic baroreceptors as well. If the blood pressure drops the heart rate is reflexly increased. Various other reflexes from anger, fear, pain, temperature, etc. also increase the heart rate.


Related Discussions:- Cardiac output and its determination

Determine the concept of digestion of fats, Which of the following assist i...

Which of the following assist in the digestion of fats? A. Production of bile salts in the liver and the secretion of those bile salts into the small intestine. B. Emulsific

What are the reasons of food processing, What are the reasons of Food Proce...

What are the reasons of Food Processing? The reasons for food processing may vary, but the main objectives are to: Preserve the nutritive quality of food by preventing th

What is dinoflagellates, What is Dinoflagellates ? Dinoflagellata or...

What is Dinoflagellates ? Dinoflagellata or dinoflagellates , are characteristically unicellular photosynthetic organisms that usually have two flagellae. One flagellum typi

Animal disease model, Animal disease model The second area of transgeni...

Animal disease model The second area of transgenic application in agriculture is to develop lines of animals resistant to some specific damaging diseases. While the genes of in

Why are the salt and sugar used, Q. Why are the salt and sugar used in the ...

Q. Why are the salt and sugar used in the production of dried fruits and dried meat? Substances that sustain a highly hypertonic environment, like salt and sugar, are used in t

Kingdom protoctista, dinstictive characteristics,classes of the kindom

dinstictive characteristics,classes of the kindom

Show the paleobotanical evidence, Q. Show the Paleobotanical Evidence? ...

Q. Show the Paleobotanical Evidence? Paleobotany deals with the study of fossil records of plants and animals. New techniques and approaches to the study of fossil flowering pl

Explain unresorbable barriers - root perforation, Explain Unresorbable Barr...

Explain Unresorbable Barriers - Root Perforation MTA exhabits excellent tissue biocompatible non resorbable barrier and restorative material. It represents an extraord

Cardiovascular endurance component for physical fitness, Define Cardiovascu...

Define Cardiovascular endurance Component for physical fitness? In our previous section on work capacity, concepts of aerobic capacity Vo2 max were described. Cardiovascular en

Meiosis and Mitosis, #question.Consider a cell that has 10 homologous pairs...

#question.Consider a cell that has 10 homologous pairs of chromosomes and is just starting to go through meiosis. After meiosis is complete, there will be 40 cells that each contai

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd