Cardiac output and its determination, Biology

Assignment Help:

The cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped from the heart every minute. It is obtained by the volume pumped with each beat (stroke volume) multiplied by the heart rate. The cardiac output increases during exercise and falls in the common type of heart failure. The stroke volume depends in part on the amount of blood in the ventricule at the end of diastole. This determines the degree of stretch of the myocardial fibre. The greater the stretch (within limits) the stronger the force of contraction and the greater the stroke volume (Starlings law of the heart).

Control of the heart rate depends on the ratio of the sympathetic (increases) and parasympathetic (decreases) impulses to the sino atrial node which  is the cardiac pacemaker. Receptors sensitive to pressure are located in the carotid sinus and the wall of the arch of the aorta.When the carotid sinus detects a sudden  rise in arterial pressure, impulses pass from the carotid baroreceptors to the cardiac control centre in the medulla and impulses sent through the parasympathetic system reduce the heart rate. Similar effects result from  the aortic baroreceptors as well. If the blood pressure drops the heart rate is reflexly increased. Various other reflexes from anger, fear, pain, temperature, etc. also increase the heart rate.


Related Discussions:- Cardiac output and its determination

Define effect of protein deficiency during pregnancy period, Define effect ...

Define effect of Protein deficiency during pregnancy period? The effects of protein deficiency during pregnancy are difficult to separate from the effects of caloric deficit, s

Driving force - mineral nutrition, Driving Force - Mineral Nutrition ...

Driving Force - Mineral Nutrition Let us now find out what is the driving force involved in protein mediated transport. Many membrane transport proteins allow specific solute

Explain the carrying capacity in ecology, Explain the carrying capacity in ...

Explain the carrying capacity in ecology? Carrying Capacity :  We have seen that natural populations do not normally achieve the maximum intrinsic rate of natural increase, o

Special uses of biogas, S p e c i a l Uses Biogas Biogas is an im...

S p e c i a l Uses Biogas Biogas is an important renewable energy resource for rural areas. Generation of bio-gas from dung and urine is a very simple and cost-effective

Define the disturbances in fluid balance, Define the Disturbances in Fluid ...

Define the Disturbances in Fluid Balance? The correct functioning of cells and tissues depends on appropriate concentrations of nutrients; so any abnormal loss or accumulation

Chromosome jumping, Chromosome jumping is the technique whereby one begins...

Chromosome jumping is the technique whereby one begins with a piece of DNA from one area of a chromosome, and obtains clones from nearby areas without cloning everything in betwee

Types of radiography, Types of Radiography: Positron Emission Tomogra...

Types of Radiography: Positron Emission Tomography  (PET) Uses high-energy physics and computer techniques to  study  lung function; useful for quantitative measurement

Arthropoda phylum, characteristic of spider that makes it the phylum arthro...

characteristic of spider that makes it the phylum arthropoda?

Define supplementary feeding to control under nutrition, Define Supplementa...

Define Supplementary feeding to control under nutrition? Supplementary feeding has remained an important component to control under nutrition. Considering the dietary inadequac

Difference between spermatocyte i and spermatogonium, Q. What is the differ...

Q. What is the difference between spermatocyte I and spermatogonium? The male germ cells are the spermatogonia (diploid cells, 2n) situated in the testicles and they mature an

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd