Bovine parainfluenza, Biology

Assignment Help:

Bovine parainfluenza


This virus belongs to the genus Respirovirus in the subfamily Paramyxovirinae of family Paramyxoviridae. It causes respiratory syndrome in cattle and sheep affecting large number of animals especially in intensive breeding units. In young animals, the disease is marked by fever, lachrymation, serous nasal discharge, depression, dyspnoea and coughing. Affliction of the respiratory system by this virus predisposes to secondary bacterial invasion, especially by Pasteurella haemolytica. The disease is also known as 'shipping fever'.


Clinical signs:
There is lacrimation, serous nasal discharge, depression, dyspnoea and coughing. The animals may recover in 3-4 days, or may develop secondary bacterial infection with purulent nasal discharge.


Diagnosis: The disease is diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs subject to the laboratory confirmation by haemagglutination inhibition, immuno- fluorescence and cell culture virus neutralization tests. Virus can be recovered from the nasal discharge for 7 to 9 days after infection and isolated in bovine cell cultures. For a sero-survey, paired serum samples are collected and processed for detecting antibodies. A 4-fold rise in antibody titre is suggestive of recent infection.


Prevention and control: Several attenuated virus vaccines are able to induce protective mucosal IgA antibodies. Combined vaccine containing infectious bovine rhinotrachitis, bovine adenovirus and bovine viral diahorrea have been used abroad


Related Discussions:- Bovine parainfluenza

Field capacity (fc), Field Capacity (FC) It is the capacity of a field...

Field Capacity (FC) It is the capacity of a field to hold the amount of water against gravitational forces. It is expressed as the percentage of the dry weight of the soil. Fi

draw the cell at metaphase, Consider cell with a diploid chromosome number...

Consider cell with a diploid chromosome number of 4 (2n=4), one pair of the chromosomes is metacentric,the other is acrocentric. The metacentric is labeled a 1 a 1 while the acr

Define mechanisms for antinutritional effect on human, Define mechanisms fo...

Define mechanisms for antinutritional effect on Human? There are several possibilities: reduced availability of amino acids to cancer cells by reversing the carcinogen-induced

Explain transition period from renaissance to modern period, Explain Transi...

Explain Transition Period from Renaissance to Modern Period? The transition period from the Renaissance to the Modern period produced many notable workers and much literature.

Are environmental phenotypical changes transmitted offspring, Are environme...

Are environmental phenotypical changes transmitted to the offspring? Changes caused on the phenotypes by the environment are not transmitted to the offspring unless their prima

Infant botulism, In infant botulism, viable botulinal spores are ingested a...

In infant botulism, viable botulinal spores are ingested and upon germination in the intestinal tract, toxin is synthesized. It is confined to infants under a year of age. High num

Explain acyclovir-resistant hsv, Resistance Acyclovir-resistant HSV oc...

Resistance Acyclovir-resistant HSV occurs mainly in immunocom- promised patients treated with the drug; isolates are usually also resistant to valacyclovir and famciclovir. Re

Explain the energy flow of ecology, Explain the energy flow of ecology? ...

Explain the energy flow of ecology? Energy flow: As you can see, energy flow is one way in an ecosystem. Energy is not recycled. The ultimate source of energy that powers eco

Tolerance range - ecosystem, Tolerance Range - Ecosystem Organisms are...

Tolerance Range - Ecosystem Organisms are able to survive only within certain maximum and minimum limits with respect to each environmental factor such as water, light and tem

Modalities available for sterilization, Modalities Available for Sterilizat...

Modalities Available for Sterilization The most accepted methods of sterilization can be classified as follows: Physical Agents: These comprise of: Sunlight Drying

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd