Bovine parainfluenza, Biology

Assignment Help:

Bovine parainfluenza


This virus belongs to the genus Respirovirus in the subfamily Paramyxovirinae of family Paramyxoviridae. It causes respiratory syndrome in cattle and sheep affecting large number of animals especially in intensive breeding units. In young animals, the disease is marked by fever, lachrymation, serous nasal discharge, depression, dyspnoea and coughing. Affliction of the respiratory system by this virus predisposes to secondary bacterial invasion, especially by Pasteurella haemolytica. The disease is also known as 'shipping fever'.


Clinical signs:
There is lacrimation, serous nasal discharge, depression, dyspnoea and coughing. The animals may recover in 3-4 days, or may develop secondary bacterial infection with purulent nasal discharge.


Diagnosis: The disease is diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs subject to the laboratory confirmation by haemagglutination inhibition, immuno- fluorescence and cell culture virus neutralization tests. Virus can be recovered from the nasal discharge for 7 to 9 days after infection and isolated in bovine cell cultures. For a sero-survey, paired serum samples are collected and processed for detecting antibodies. A 4-fold rise in antibody titre is suggestive of recent infection.


Prevention and control: Several attenuated virus vaccines are able to induce protective mucosal IgA antibodies. Combined vaccine containing infectious bovine rhinotrachitis, bovine adenovirus and bovine viral diahorrea have been used abroad


Related Discussions:- Bovine parainfluenza

Conventional agro-industrial oilseed cakes, Conventional agro-industrial oi...

Conventional agro-industrial oilseed cakes Groundnut meal: It is readily available protein source byproduct from the extraction of groundnut, which is a popular human food i

Bioclimatology effect of climate on distribution of organism, Bioclimatolog...

Bioclimatology: This is the study of effect of climate on distribution of organisms. Bioclimatology is the inter-disciplinary field of science which studies the interactions betwe

Briefly explain about the flexed-arm hang test, Briefly explain about the F...

Briefly explain about the Flexed-arm Hang Test? Persons who cannot do one pull-up may do the flexed-arm hang. Using the same hand position as in pull-ups, subject takes flexed-

How are the epithelial tissues classified, Q. How are the epithelial tissue...

Q. How are the epithelial tissues classified? The epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells that form it epithelial cells may be columnar, cuboidal,

What are the five kingdoms, Q. What are the five kingdoms into which living...

Q. What are the five kingdoms into which living beings are divided? And which group of living being is out of this classification? The five kingdoms of living beings are the ki

How are poriferans characterized, Q. Concerning digestion how are poriferan...

Q. Concerning digestion how are poriferans characterized? Sponges are diverse from other animals since they present only intracellular digestion. Do they release digestive enzy

Oogenesis, explain full about this process

explain full about this process

What are the elements that constitute the internal ear, Q. What are the ele...

Q. What are the elements that constitute the internal ear? What are the functions of those structures? In the internal ear there are the semicircular canals and the cochlea. Th

Morphological changes, Morphological changes Aquatic plants produce di...

Morphological changes Aquatic plants produce different kinds of leaves and produce aerenchyma (tissues with air gaps) where there be a need to do so. Also, a thick cuticle on

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd