Bovine parainfluenza, Biology

Assignment Help:

Bovine parainfluenza


This virus belongs to the genus Respirovirus in the subfamily Paramyxovirinae of family Paramyxoviridae. It causes respiratory syndrome in cattle and sheep affecting large number of animals especially in intensive breeding units. In young animals, the disease is marked by fever, lachrymation, serous nasal discharge, depression, dyspnoea and coughing. Affliction of the respiratory system by this virus predisposes to secondary bacterial invasion, especially by Pasteurella haemolytica. The disease is also known as 'shipping fever'.


Clinical signs:
There is lacrimation, serous nasal discharge, depression, dyspnoea and coughing. The animals may recover in 3-4 days, or may develop secondary bacterial infection with purulent nasal discharge.


Diagnosis: The disease is diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs subject to the laboratory confirmation by haemagglutination inhibition, immuno- fluorescence and cell culture virus neutralization tests. Virus can be recovered from the nasal discharge for 7 to 9 days after infection and isolated in bovine cell cultures. For a sero-survey, paired serum samples are collected and processed for detecting antibodies. A 4-fold rise in antibody titre is suggestive of recent infection.


Prevention and control: Several attenuated virus vaccines are able to induce protective mucosal IgA antibodies. Combined vaccine containing infectious bovine rhinotrachitis, bovine adenovirus and bovine viral diahorrea have been used abroad


Related Discussions:- Bovine parainfluenza

What is uric acid , Uric acid is the main nitrogenous waste product o...

Uric acid is the main nitrogenous waste product of uricotelic organisms (birds, insects and reptiles), but is also established in ureotelic organisms from the breakdown of the puri

Prevention strategy for diverticular disease, Q. Prevention strategy for di...

Q. Prevention strategy for diverticular disease? The prevention strategy for the disease involves the following: • Eat a high-fiber diet (more than 15 g/day of crude fiber)

Can you explain the process of twins generation, Q. What are twins? Genetic...

Q. What are twins? Genetically what are the two types of twins that can be generated? Twins are at the same time generated (within the mother's uterus) offspring. Twins classif

Define effect of minerals on athletes, Define effect of Minerals on athlete...

Define effect of Minerals on athletes? Mineral supplementation, particularly iron in cases of iron deficient athletes is beneficial. Similarly, magnesium and chromium supplemen

Spermatogenesis, Spermatogenesis In multicellular organisms the repro...

Spermatogenesis In multicellular organisms the reproductive process commences with the production of gametes. The gametes are the sex cells that develop inside the gonads, th

What is gametogenesis, What is the type of cell division that allows sexual...

What is the type of cell division that allows sexual reproduction? What is gametogenesis? Meiosis is the type of cell division that permits sexual reproduction since it decreas

How are grasslands classified, How are grasslands classified? Grasslan...

How are grasslands classified? Grasslands might be classified into steppes and savannahs. In the steppes the prevailing vegetation is grass, as in the pampas of South America

Do all the eukaryotic cells, Q. Do all the eukaryotic cells have nucleus an...

Q. Do all the eukaryotic cells have nucleus and/or only one nucleus? There are eukaryotic cells devoid of a nucleus and others with more than one nucleus. Osteoclasts, the cell

List out the different preservation techniques, List out the Different Pres...

List out the Different Preservation Techniques? The different preservation techniques commonly used today are given in the Table. Table: Methods of food preservation a)

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd