Botulism, Biology

Assignment Help:

Botulism

It is a toxicity in chickens, turkeys, ducks and other aquatic birds caused by a bacterial toxin produced by anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum mainly types A and C. The toxin produced in decaying carcass and plant waste is consumed by the birds or the birds infected with Cl. botulinum may produce it in the cecum. Morbidity is usually low but mortality is high.

Symptoms and lesions: The birds show nervous signs, progressive flaccid paralysis of legs and wings before death or in peracute cases, sudden death. When neck muscles are affected, the head hangs limp, thus causing a condition referred to as limberneck. Affected birds may have a peculiar trembling, loose feathers that are pulled out easily and dull partly closed eyes. In most of the cases, there are no PM lesions. In others, severe enteritis may be seen.

Diagnosis: Clinical history and signs may be adequate to diagnose the condition. For confirmation, biological test is done in mice. The supernatant of the centrifuged intestinal contents (particularly from cecae) of the dead bird, membrane filtered and inoculated into mice will kill them quickly.

Prevention and control: Biosecurity is the best way of prevention. Preventing access to toxin, suspect food and stagnant ponds, especially in hot weather is an adequate method.


Related Discussions:- Botulism

Write the meaning of hypoglycemia, Q. Write the meaning of Hypoglycemia? ...

Q. Write the meaning of Hypoglycemia? Hypoglycemia is a Greek term: hypo -meaning less; glyc - means sweet; and emia - means "of the blood". It is a condition in which less th

Explain the simple interrupted technique of suturing, Simple interrupted te...

Simple interrupted technique of Suturing The simple loop is the most commonly used technique in dentistry and is routinely used to adapt tension free, mobile surgical flaps.

Contrast the reproduction of bacteria with that of frogs, Contrast the repr...

Contrast the reproduction of bacteria with that of frogs. Bacteria replicate asexually by splitting in two. Frogs reproduce sexually by producing sperm and eggs. One sperm and

What do you mean by hemichordata, Q. What do you mean by Hemichordata ? ...

Q. What do you mean by Hemichordata ? Hemichordates re vermiform (worm-like) animals which have few characters like those of the chordates, hence the name hemichordata (hemi :

Name the important inorganic molecular for living being, What are the most ...

What are the most significant inorganic molecular substances for living beings? The most significant inorganic substances for living beings are mineral salts, water, carbon dio

How can asexual reproduction in planarias be described, How can asexual rep...

How can asexual reproduction in planarias be described? Planarias can separate themselves asexually by transversal bipartition because of the great regeneration capability of t

Explain nutrient cycling and their processes, Explain Nutrient Cycling and ...

Explain Nutrient Cycling and their processes? Two major processes are common to all ecosystems: nutrient cycling and the flow of energy. These two functions are carried out by

How fever, How Fever,Illness,Infections,Injury affects the BMR? Any ill...

How Fever,Illness,Infections,Injury affects the BMR? Any illness or fever caused by an illness influences the metabolic rate. Fevers increase the metabolic rate by about 7% for

Define about the absorption of iron, Define about the Absorption of Iron? ...

Define about the Absorption of Iron? Before it can be absorbed, iron whether it is in the form of haem or non-haem must be released from the food matrices where it is bond with

Sds page, describe sds page for the proteins

describe sds page for the proteins

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd