Botulism, Biology

Assignment Help:

Botulism

It is a toxicity in chickens, turkeys, ducks and other aquatic birds caused by a bacterial toxin produced by anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum mainly types A and C. The toxin produced in decaying carcass and plant waste is consumed by the birds or the birds infected with Cl. botulinum may produce it in the cecum. Morbidity is usually low but mortality is high.

Symptoms and lesions: The birds show nervous signs, progressive flaccid paralysis of legs and wings before death or in peracute cases, sudden death. When neck muscles are affected, the head hangs limp, thus causing a condition referred to as limberneck. Affected birds may have a peculiar trembling, loose feathers that are pulled out easily and dull partly closed eyes. In most of the cases, there are no PM lesions. In others, severe enteritis may be seen.

Diagnosis: Clinical history and signs may be adequate to diagnose the condition. For confirmation, biological test is done in mice. The supernatant of the centrifuged intestinal contents (particularly from cecae) of the dead bird, membrane filtered and inoculated into mice will kill them quickly.

Prevention and control: Biosecurity is the best way of prevention. Preventing access to toxin, suspect food and stagnant ponds, especially in hot weather is an adequate method.


Related Discussions:- Botulism

Hypothalamus gland, HYPOTHALAMUS - Hypothalamus develops from the ectod...

HYPOTHALAMUS - Hypothalamus develops from the ectoderm of the embryo. Location and Structure. It lies below or inferior to the thalamus. The hypothalamus is connected to t

What are the main manifestations of leishmaniasis, Q. What are the main man...

Q. What are the main manifestations of leishmaniasis? There are two key forms of leishmaniasis: visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis (also known as kala-azar). Th

Microbiology, Applications of microbiology in different fields

Applications of microbiology in different fields

How can the immune memory lead to the efficacy of vaccines, Q. How can the ...

Q. How can the immune memory lead to the efficacy of vaccines and also produce allergies? Vaccines are controlled inoculations of fragments of inactive infectious agents or of

Define tests to measure flexibility component in the humans, Define Tests t...

Define Tests to Measure Flexibility Component in the Humans? The flexibility component measures the elasticity or range of motion around a joint. This component of physical fi

What is the genetic code, The genetic code is the group of rules by that in...

The genetic code is the group of rules by that information encoded within genetic material DNA or mRNA sequences is changed into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells. Th

What is the secondary structure of a protein, The secondary protein structu...

The secondary protein structure is produced by the manner its amino acids interact by intermolecular bond. These interactions make a spatial conformation of the polypeptide filamen

What are the functions of the spleen, What are the functions of the spleen?...

What are the functions of the spleen? Why is a total splenectomy (surgical removal of the spleen) compatible with life? The spleen has many functions: it participates in the de

Describe the classification of arthropoda, Describe the Classification of A...

Describe the Classification of Arthropoda? Most arthropods also go through a growth process called metamorphosis, whereby they change their bodies into an entirely different fo

Cardio pulmonary resuscitation, CARDIO PULMONARY RESUSCITATION: Cessat...

CARDIO PULMONARY RESUSCITATION: Cessation of cardiac activity is determined by  inability to palpate a central pulse,  unresponsiveness and Gnea. CPR consists of  measures for

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd