Botulism, Biology

Assignment Help:

Botulism

It is a toxicity in chickens, turkeys, ducks and other aquatic birds caused by a bacterial toxin produced by anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum mainly types A and C. The toxin produced in decaying carcass and plant waste is consumed by the birds or the birds infected with Cl. botulinum may produce it in the cecum. Morbidity is usually low but mortality is high.

Symptoms and lesions: The birds show nervous signs, progressive flaccid paralysis of legs and wings before death or in peracute cases, sudden death. When neck muscles are affected, the head hangs limp, thus causing a condition referred to as limberneck. Affected birds may have a peculiar trembling, loose feathers that are pulled out easily and dull partly closed eyes. In most of the cases, there are no PM lesions. In others, severe enteritis may be seen.

Diagnosis: Clinical history and signs may be adequate to diagnose the condition. For confirmation, biological test is done in mice. The supernatant of the centrifuged intestinal contents (particularly from cecae) of the dead bird, membrane filtered and inoculated into mice will kill them quickly.

Prevention and control: Biosecurity is the best way of prevention. Preventing access to toxin, suspect food and stagnant ponds, especially in hot weather is an adequate method.


Related Discussions:- Botulism

Cardiac output - circulation, Cardiac Output - Circulation The cardiac...

Cardiac Output - Circulation The cardiac output can be determined in a number of ways. The most common method is the Fick's principle. A. Fick a German physiologist in 1870 de

Could she ever have a child with blood type o, a) Indicate the blood types ...

a) Indicate the blood types possible from the mating of a male who is blood type O with a female of blood type AB. b) Could a female with blood type AB ever produce a child with bl

Name the various test batteries, Name the various Test batteries Test ...

Name the various Test batteries Test batteries typically assess the following domains: General cognitive ability Language ability Visuoperceptual and constructi

What is coping, Q. What is Coping? Coping refers to a person's patterns...

Q. What is Coping? Coping refers to a person's patterns of response to stress. Coping is the process of managing circumstances, making effort to solve personal and interpersona

What do you understand by pseudocoelomate?, What do you understand by Pseud...

What do you understand by Pseudocoelomate? Animals that have a body cavity which is not completely lined by mesoderm. In past these organisms were referred to as the phylum Asc

Reroduction, describe and compare reproduction in all the kingdoms except k...

describe and compare reproduction in all the kingdoms except kingdom animalia

Mycotic diseases, Mycotic diseases Mycotic (fungal) diseases of animal...

Mycotic diseases Mycotic (fungal) diseases of animals and birds are of considerable importance both from public health and economic point of view. The fungi responsible for an

Explain oncogenes or defective tumour suppressor genes, 1.  Explain why a g...

1.  Explain why a gain of function would be a dominant effect and a loss of function would be a recessive effect. Which types of genes are each associated with: oncogenes or defect

Explain homozygosity and heterozygosity, What is the difference between hom...

What is the difference between homozygosity and heterozygosity? Homozygosity happens when an individual has two identical alleles of a gene, for instance, AA or aa. Heterozygos

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd