Botulism, Biology

Assignment Help:

Botulism

It is a toxicity in chickens, turkeys, ducks and other aquatic birds caused by a bacterial toxin produced by anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum mainly types A and C. The toxin produced in decaying carcass and plant waste is consumed by the birds or the birds infected with Cl. botulinum may produce it in the cecum. Morbidity is usually low but mortality is high.

Symptoms and lesions: The birds show nervous signs, progressive flaccid paralysis of legs and wings before death or in peracute cases, sudden death. When neck muscles are affected, the head hangs limp, thus causing a condition referred to as limberneck. Affected birds may have a peculiar trembling, loose feathers that are pulled out easily and dull partly closed eyes. In most of the cases, there are no PM lesions. In others, severe enteritis may be seen.

Diagnosis: Clinical history and signs may be adequate to diagnose the condition. For confirmation, biological test is done in mice. The supernatant of the centrifuged intestinal contents (particularly from cecae) of the dead bird, membrane filtered and inoculated into mice will kill them quickly.

Prevention and control: Biosecurity is the best way of prevention. Preventing access to toxin, suspect food and stagnant ponds, especially in hot weather is an adequate method.


Related Discussions:- Botulism

What are the results of atrial septal defect, What are the results of Atria...

What are the results of Atrial Septal Defect ? Mortality for ASD closure has approached 0 per cent in most cardiac surgery centers. Late survival of patients who has ASD closu

What are the inferior trophic levels, Can the amount of available energy in...

Can the amount of available energy in a given trophic level be larger than the available energy in inferior trophic levels? What does that condition means to the conformation of th

Where letters represent genetic markers and black dot, Two homologous human...

Two homologous human chromosomes have the following structure: where the letters represent genetic markers and the black dot represents the centromere. 1. Diagram the two chromosom

What does an anther have on it, What does an anther have on it? The ant...

What does an anther have on it? The anther is the part of the flower that keeps the pollen. This and the filament both make up the stamen.

Packaging of meat products, P a ck a g i n g of Meat Products Me...

P a ck a g i n g of Meat Products Meat needs to be packaged to prevent contamination, color deterioration, loss of moisture, odor pickup, oxidative rancidity etc and pro

Striped muscles, STRIPED MUSCLES - These muscles are found in the li...

STRIPED MUSCLES - These muscles are found in the limbs, body walls, tongue, pharynx and beginning of oesophagus and are under the control of animal's will. These muscle f

Nursing interventions of a patient with acute alcohol, Nursing Intervention...

Nursing Interventions of a Patient with Acute Alcohol: Intoxication  and Withdrawal Some nurses find it very difficult to work with the alcoholics. This is particularly true w

Microfilaments - role of cytoskeleton structures, Microfilaments - Role of ...

Microfilaments - Role of Cytoskeleton Structures Microfilaments are as well present in all animal cells. They are found singly throughout the cytoplasm organized like a meshwo

Describe the relation between nutritional and infections, Nutritional and ...

Nutritional and Infections The interaction between nutrition and  infection  is  synergistic -  that is  nutritional deficiency lowers resistance  to infection and infection ag

False positive st changes, Q. False Positive ST Changes? 1) The slope ...

Q. False Positive ST Changes? 1) The slope of the PQ-segment can help predict the magnitude of the influence of P-wave depolarization and thus help predict which patient wou

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd