Botulism, Biology

Assignment Help:

Botulism

It is a toxicity in chickens, turkeys, ducks and other aquatic birds caused by a bacterial toxin produced by anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum mainly types A and C. The toxin produced in decaying carcass and plant waste is consumed by the birds or the birds infected with Cl. botulinum may produce it in the cecum. Morbidity is usually low but mortality is high.

Symptoms and lesions: The birds show nervous signs, progressive flaccid paralysis of legs and wings before death or in peracute cases, sudden death. When neck muscles are affected, the head hangs limp, thus causing a condition referred to as limberneck. Affected birds may have a peculiar trembling, loose feathers that are pulled out easily and dull partly closed eyes. In most of the cases, there are no PM lesions. In others, severe enteritis may be seen.

Diagnosis: Clinical history and signs may be adequate to diagnose the condition. For confirmation, biological test is done in mice. The supernatant of the centrifuged intestinal contents (particularly from cecae) of the dead bird, membrane filtered and inoculated into mice will kill them quickly.

Prevention and control: Biosecurity is the best way of prevention. Preventing access to toxin, suspect food and stagnant ponds, especially in hot weather is an adequate method.


Related Discussions:- Botulism

What is the primary structure of a protein, What is the primary structure o...

What is the primary structure of a protein? What is the importance of the primary structure? Ans) The primary protein structure is the linear sequence of amino acids that produc

Physiology, what happens to your total peripheral resistance when you go fr...

what happens to your total peripheral resistance when you go from a warm room to cool outside air

Define the confusion stage when drug effects on food intake, Define the Con...

Define the Confusion Stage when Drug effects on food intake? Confusion: Drugs, which impair memory or cause confusion can result in people forgetting to eat. Central nervous sy

What is the energy source used in active transport, What is the energy sour...

What is the energy source used in active transport through biological membranes? The energy essential for active transport (against the concentration gradient of the transporte

What are the uses of construction of a retaining wall, What are the uses of...

What are the uses of construction of a retaining wall? The retaining wall is constructed whenever space requirement do not allow the natural slope to be formed for an excavatio

Citric acid cycle, Citric Acid Cycle The citric acid cycle, also known ...

Citric Acid Cycle The citric acid cycle, also known as tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, lies at the heart of aerobic metabolism. it is involved in the breakdown of all three maj

Describe the mechanism responsible for the cessation, Describe a. the facto...

Describe a. the factors responsible for promoting lactation, and b. the mechanism responsible for the cessation of lactation when a mother weans her baby.

Define about the iron deficiency anaemia (ida), Define about the Iron Defic...

Define about the Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA)? Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world, particularly in the developing countries

Regulation of pyruvate kinase, Regulation of pyruvate kinase, pyruvate carb...

Regulation of pyruvate kinase, pyruvate carboxylase and PEP carboxykinase A) In liver,  pyruvate  kinase  is inhibited  by high levels  of ATP and alanine  so which  glycolysis

Formation of an h+ gradient, All of the electron carrier in the electron tr...

All of the electron carrier in the electron transport chain interact according to their redox potentials.  Every time whereas an electron transfers occurs, the accepting carrier ha

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd