Botulism, Biology

Assignment Help:

Botulism

It is a toxicity in chickens, turkeys, ducks and other aquatic birds caused by a bacterial toxin produced by anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum mainly types A and C. The toxin produced in decaying carcass and plant waste is consumed by the birds or the birds infected with Cl. botulinum may produce it in the cecum. Morbidity is usually low but mortality is high.

Symptoms and lesions: The birds show nervous signs, progressive flaccid paralysis of legs and wings before death or in peracute cases, sudden death. When neck muscles are affected, the head hangs limp, thus causing a condition referred to as limberneck. Affected birds may have a peculiar trembling, loose feathers that are pulled out easily and dull partly closed eyes. In most of the cases, there are no PM lesions. In others, severe enteritis may be seen.

Diagnosis: Clinical history and signs may be adequate to diagnose the condition. For confirmation, biological test is done in mice. The supernatant of the centrifuged intestinal contents (particularly from cecae) of the dead bird, membrane filtered and inoculated into mice will kill them quickly.

Prevention and control: Biosecurity is the best way of prevention. Preventing access to toxin, suspect food and stagnant ponds, especially in hot weather is an adequate method.


Related Discussions:- Botulism

What are the four types of weak bonds, What are the four types of weak bond...

What are the four types of weak bonds, and how do they differ from each other and from covalent bonds?

What is a terrestrial organism, Explain what is a terrestrial organism? ...

Explain what is a terrestrial organism? Ans) 'Terra' is the Latin word for earth. Thus, an animal that lives on the surface of the earth is known as terrestrial. This is the si

Define about skeletal muscle, Define about skeletal muscle? A. The bind...

Define about skeletal muscle? A. The binding of calcium ion to a binding site on the troponin molecule leads to a movement of the tropomyosin molecule that, in turn, exposes a

How to get a stock primer concentration of 100µm, I have 30µg of a primer, ...

I have 30µg of a primer, whose molecular weight is 600. How much water should I add to get a stock primer concentration of 100µM?

Define about the polyphenols, Define about the Polyphenols? We now come...

Define about the Polyphenols? We now come to a group of compounds, which were until recently considered to adversely influence nutrient absorption or giving colour to foods e.g

Excitation of heart - circulation, Excitation of Heart - Circulation T...

Excitation of Heart - Circulation The heart has an inherent capacity to contract rhythmically without any external stimulus. Proof of this is obtained when we see that the hea

What are the elements that constitute the stomata, What are the elements th...

What are the elements that constitute the stomata? The Stomata is made of a central opening the ostiole or slit delimited by two guard cells responsible for its closing or open

Determine the genotypes of parents, In humans, the recessive allele that ca...

In humans, the recessive allele that causes a form of red-green colour blindness (c) is found on the X chromosome. a) Determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the F1 generation fr

What are the types of colloidal dispersions, What are the types of colloida...

What are the types of colloidal dispersions Depending upon the relative affinity of the dispersed phase for the dispersion medium, colloidal dispersions are, further divided in

Organic chemistry and macromolecules, identify 7 speccific ways in which yo...

identify 7 speccific ways in which you can diversify carbon-containing compounds

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd