Botulism, Biology

Assignment Help:

Botulism

It is a toxicity in chickens, turkeys, ducks and other aquatic birds caused by a bacterial toxin produced by anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum mainly types A and C. The toxin produced in decaying carcass and plant waste is consumed by the birds or the birds infected with Cl. botulinum may produce it in the cecum. Morbidity is usually low but mortality is high.

Symptoms and lesions: The birds show nervous signs, progressive flaccid paralysis of legs and wings before death or in peracute cases, sudden death. When neck muscles are affected, the head hangs limp, thus causing a condition referred to as limberneck. Affected birds may have a peculiar trembling, loose feathers that are pulled out easily and dull partly closed eyes. In most of the cases, there are no PM lesions. In others, severe enteritis may be seen.

Diagnosis: Clinical history and signs may be adequate to diagnose the condition. For confirmation, biological test is done in mice. The supernatant of the centrifuged intestinal contents (particularly from cecae) of the dead bird, membrane filtered and inoculated into mice will kill them quickly.

Prevention and control: Biosecurity is the best way of prevention. Preventing access to toxin, suspect food and stagnant ponds, especially in hot weather is an adequate method.


Related Discussions:- Botulism

Intermediate and the definitive hosts of the plasmodium, Q. What are the in...

Q. What are the intermediate and the definitive hosts of the plasmodium? In the life-cycle of the plasmodium humans are the intermediate hosts (where asexual reproduction takes

State the enzymes and recombinant dna technology, Enzymes and recombinant D...

Enzymes and recombinant DNA technology Recombinant DNA technology, also called as genetic engineering makes use of a variety of enzymes, particularly restriction endonucleases

What is the phellogen? what its function, What is the phellogen? What its f...

What is the phellogen? What its function? The Phellogen also called as cork cambium is the meristematic plant tissue responsible for the formation of the periderm (the covering

Explain interaction of pyridoxine with carbohydrates, Explain Interaction o...

Explain Interaction of pyridoxine with Carbohydrates? Pyridoxine is involved in glyconeogenesis through its action in transaminase reactions. Low levels of pyridoxine impair gl

Vertebrate limb, Vertebrate Limb Earlier we know that how a series of...

Vertebrate Limb Earlier we know that how a series of sequential and coordinated interactions between different cell groups and tissues carry about the construction of a compl

What are fitness tests, What are Fitness Tests? Testing is an important...

What are Fitness Tests? Testing is an important evaluation tool for the sports performer as it gives them an insight into their current physical condition and the effectiveness

Explain the disadvantages of fixation, Explain the Disadvantages of Fixatio...

Explain the Disadvantages of Fixation? Fixation has following disadvantages also. These are highlighted herewith: (i) It distorts the cell's appearance. (ii) Motility can

Classification of agro-industrial byproducts, Classification of agro-indust...

Classification of agro-industrial byproducts Based on their nutrient content agro-industrial byproducts can be divided into: 1.  Feed low in fiber and low in protein. These ar

Microinjection method for gene transfer, M i croinjection method: I...

M i croinjection method: In another approach fertilised eggs are microinjected by DNA. Microinjection requires excess of fertilized eggs. Gene transfer by microinjection is

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd