Botulism, Biology

Assignment Help:

Botulism

It is a toxicity in chickens, turkeys, ducks and other aquatic birds caused by a bacterial toxin produced by anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum mainly types A and C. The toxin produced in decaying carcass and plant waste is consumed by the birds or the birds infected with Cl. botulinum may produce it in the cecum. Morbidity is usually low but mortality is high.

Symptoms and lesions: The birds show nervous signs, progressive flaccid paralysis of legs and wings before death or in peracute cases, sudden death. When neck muscles are affected, the head hangs limp, thus causing a condition referred to as limberneck. Affected birds may have a peculiar trembling, loose feathers that are pulled out easily and dull partly closed eyes. In most of the cases, there are no PM lesions. In others, severe enteritis may be seen.

Diagnosis: Clinical history and signs may be adequate to diagnose the condition. For confirmation, biological test is done in mice. The supernatant of the centrifuged intestinal contents (particularly from cecae) of the dead bird, membrane filtered and inoculated into mice will kill them quickly.

Prevention and control: Biosecurity is the best way of prevention. Preventing access to toxin, suspect food and stagnant ponds, especially in hot weather is an adequate method.


Related Discussions:- Botulism

Explain how a water molecule is produced, Explain how a water molecule is p...

Explain how a water molecule is produced when glucose and fructose undergo a condensation reaction. The glucose molecule releases a hydroxide ion, OH -, and the fructose molec

To study the gas produced when yeast acts on sugar, To study the gas produc...

To study the gas produced when yeast acts on sugar Place some clear lime water in a test tube and have a pupil exhale by a soda straw placed in the lime-water. Soon the lime-wa

Define hormonal responses to injury, Define Hormonal Responses to Injury? ...

Define Hormonal Responses to Injury?  A number of hormonal changes take place in patients following injury. There is a marked rise in the counter regulatory hormones, viz., glu

What is salmonella typhosn, What is salmonella typhosn Typhoid is  an e...

What is salmonella typhosn Typhoid is  an enteric fever, which relates  to acute infection of  short duration. It is   caused by bacteria called Salmonella typhosn about which

Role of private sector in health care - contracting, Role of Private Sector...

Role of Private Sector in Health Care - Contracting The government can transfer some of its work to the private sector by contracting. If the cost of resultant services (inclu

Practical preparation - qualitative test for monosaccharides, Define Practi...

Define Practical Preparation - Qualitative Test for Monosaccharides? 1. Wear your labcoat. Make sure your hair is tied and you have no loose clothing. These can be dangerous in

Explain nutrition or diet counseling, Explain Nutrition or diet counseling ...

Explain Nutrition or diet counseling Nutrition or diet counseling  is a  primary educational activity  of  the dietitian.  It incorporates the idea of working with a patient, e

What is the main evolutionary novelty presented by annelids, What is the ma...

What is the main evolutionary novelty presented by annelids? The main evolutionary novelty shown by the beings of the phylum Annelida is the coelom, the internal body cavity to

Benzene and ether non-polar or polar substances, Q. Are organic solvents li...

Q. Are organic solvents like benzene and ether non-polar or polar substances? the ethers and Benzene are molecules without electrically charged portions and thus they are non-p

Explain ritonavir, Ritonavir (RTV, Norvir)  Ritonavir is well absorbed ...

Ritonavir (RTV, Norvir)  Ritonavir is well absorbed  from the gastrointestinal tract and at full doses potently inhibits HIV, but due to poor tolerability it is now used mainly

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd