Botulism, Biology

Assignment Help:

Botulism

It is a toxicity in chickens, turkeys, ducks and other aquatic birds caused by a bacterial toxin produced by anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum mainly types A and C. The toxin produced in decaying carcass and plant waste is consumed by the birds or the birds infected with Cl. botulinum may produce it in the cecum. Morbidity is usually low but mortality is high.

Symptoms and lesions: The birds show nervous signs, progressive flaccid paralysis of legs and wings before death or in peracute cases, sudden death. When neck muscles are affected, the head hangs limp, thus causing a condition referred to as limberneck. Affected birds may have a peculiar trembling, loose feathers that are pulled out easily and dull partly closed eyes. In most of the cases, there are no PM lesions. In others, severe enteritis may be seen.

Diagnosis: Clinical history and signs may be adequate to diagnose the condition. For confirmation, biological test is done in mice. The supernatant of the centrifuged intestinal contents (particularly from cecae) of the dead bird, membrane filtered and inoculated into mice will kill them quickly.

Prevention and control: Biosecurity is the best way of prevention. Preventing access to toxin, suspect food and stagnant ponds, especially in hot weather is an adequate method.


Related Discussions:- Botulism

Fields in ecology, Ecology is divided into two fields:    (a)Autecology...

Ecology is divided into two fields:    (a)Autecology     (b) Synecology   (a)  Autecology: it deals with life history, population dynamics, behavior etc of a single

Define metabolic aberrations and clinical manifestations, Define Metabolic ...

Define Metabolic Aberrations and Clinical Manifestations? The state of obesity brings about certain alterations in the normal body processes which are enumerated herewith and h

Show the use of incineration for sterilization, Q. Show the Use of Incinera...

Q. Show the Use of Incineration for sterilization? This is an excellent method for rapidly destroying materials such as soiled dressings, animal carcasses, bedding and patholog

Mollusca, commercially important bivalve species

commercially important bivalve species

Two-kingdom classification, Two-Kingdom Classification The history of ...

Two-Kingdom Classification The history of taxonomy is as old as man himself. It may be traced back to prehistoric times because man had learnt to designate living organisms by

Determine the procedure of armamentarium, Determine the Procedure of Armame...

Determine the Procedure of Armamentarium 1. Make an impression of the mandibular ridge and pour the cast in type 3 gypsum 2. Apply separating medium and allow it to dry 3

Explain the plaque assessment, Plaque Assessment Microbial films have b...

Plaque Assessment Microbial films have been known to form on inert biomaterial surfaces in an aqueous environment. Implants placed in the oral cavity are no exception and repre

Explain the dietary management of a lactating mother, Explain the Dietary M...

Explain the Dietary Management of a lactating mother? Meeting the needs of lactation requires a varied nutrient-dense diet. Generally, a well-balanced diet will meet nutrient n

Phosphorus - mineral elements, PHOSPHORUS It is present in vegetables, ...

PHOSPHORUS It is present in vegetables, grains (oat metal, wheat meal), milk, eggs, cheese, meat, fish, etc. It helps in - (a) Like calcium it is a constituent of bones.

Shrub stage - xerarch, Shrub Stage - Xerarch Sufficient soil is formed...

Shrub Stage - Xerarch Sufficient soil is formed in the herbs stage, for supporting the woody plants or the shrubs. They migrate with the help of seeds or rhizomes from the adj

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd