Botulism, Biology

Assignment Help:

Botulism

It is a toxicity in chickens, turkeys, ducks and other aquatic birds caused by a bacterial toxin produced by anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum mainly types A and C. The toxin produced in decaying carcass and plant waste is consumed by the birds or the birds infected with Cl. botulinum may produce it in the cecum. Morbidity is usually low but mortality is high.

Symptoms and lesions: The birds show nervous signs, progressive flaccid paralysis of legs and wings before death or in peracute cases, sudden death. When neck muscles are affected, the head hangs limp, thus causing a condition referred to as limberneck. Affected birds may have a peculiar trembling, loose feathers that are pulled out easily and dull partly closed eyes. In most of the cases, there are no PM lesions. In others, severe enteritis may be seen.

Diagnosis: Clinical history and signs may be adequate to diagnose the condition. For confirmation, biological test is done in mice. The supernatant of the centrifuged intestinal contents (particularly from cecae) of the dead bird, membrane filtered and inoculated into mice will kill them quickly.

Prevention and control: Biosecurity is the best way of prevention. Preventing access to toxin, suspect food and stagnant ponds, especially in hot weather is an adequate method.


Related Discussions:- Botulism

What is signifying by concentration gradient, Q What is signifying by conce...

Q What is signifying by concentration gradient? Is it correct or not to refer to "concentration gradient of water"? Concentration gradient is the variation of concentration of

Digestion, In humans, starch digestion begins in the buccal cavity, but sto...

In humans, starch digestion begins in the buccal cavity, but stops in the stomach .Why?

What are the consequences of failures during dna replication, One character...

One characteristic of the DNA molecule is its replication capability. What are the consequences of failures during DNA replication? Ideally a DNA molecule should replicate in a

What is the criterion used to classify hosts, What is the criterion used to...

What is the criterion used to classify hosts as intermediate hosts or as definitive hosts? The criterion used to classify hosts as intermediate hosts or as definitive hosts is

Amoeba, Place a slide of Amoeba (common species is A. proteus) under tlie l...

Place a slide of Amoeba (common species is A. proteus) under tlie lnicroscope and focus it under low power (5x x 5x), and observe it carefully. Amoeba looks like an irregular colou

Pisces, weberian oscles found in

weberian oscles found in

Regulation of kidney function, Normal 0 false false false ...

Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

Watson - crick model how many polynucleotide chains, Q. As per the Watson -...

Q. As per the Watson - Crick Model how many polynucleotide chains does a DNA molecule have? The DNA molecule is formed by two polynucleotide chains bound in antiparallel mode (

Locate the position of the submerged implants, Locate the position of the s...

Locate the position of the submerged implants. It can be located by the following means: - correlating the radiographs with intraoral position - on slight palpation of  soft

What is exocytosis, Which of the following is true for exocytosis? A. D...

Which of the following is true for exocytosis? A. During exocytosis in skeletal muscle cells, there will be release of calcium ions from intracellular vesicles in the sarcoplas

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd