Botulism, Biology

Assignment Help:

Botulism

It is a toxicity in chickens, turkeys, ducks and other aquatic birds caused by a bacterial toxin produced by anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum mainly types A and C. The toxin produced in decaying carcass and plant waste is consumed by the birds or the birds infected with Cl. botulinum may produce it in the cecum. Morbidity is usually low but mortality is high.

Symptoms and lesions: The birds show nervous signs, progressive flaccid paralysis of legs and wings before death or in peracute cases, sudden death. When neck muscles are affected, the head hangs limp, thus causing a condition referred to as limberneck. Affected birds may have a peculiar trembling, loose feathers that are pulled out easily and dull partly closed eyes. In most of the cases, there are no PM lesions. In others, severe enteritis may be seen.

Diagnosis: Clinical history and signs may be adequate to diagnose the condition. For confirmation, biological test is done in mice. The supernatant of the centrifuged intestinal contents (particularly from cecae) of the dead bird, membrane filtered and inoculated into mice will kill them quickly.

Prevention and control: Biosecurity is the best way of prevention. Preventing access to toxin, suspect food and stagnant ponds, especially in hot weather is an adequate method.


Related Discussions:- Botulism

Xerophytes, Xerophytes Xerophytes are sometimes loosely defineri as 'pl...

Xerophytes Xerophytes are sometimes loosely defineri as 'plants of dry habitats'. But others have defined xerophytes as 'plants which grow on the substratum that usually beco

Define key concepts and facts about disaccharides, Define Key Concepts and ...

Define Key Concepts and Facts about Disaccharides? 1. All disaccharides contain 2 monosaccharides. 2. Disaccharides are linked by glycosidic linkage. 3. If both the functional

Fats requirements during congestive cardiac failure, Q. Fats requirements d...

Q. Fats requirements during congestive cardiac failure? Fat: The quantity and quality of fat would be governed by the severity of hyper- lipidemia and adiposity. Emphasis, as

Define immediate preoperative period during surgery, Define Immediate Preop...

Define Immediate Preoperative Period during Surgery? Nothing should be given by mouth for at least 8 hours before a general surgery so that the stomach has no leftover food at

Introduction to parthenogenesis, Parthenogenesis The development of egg...

Parthenogenesis The development of egg to form an animal without fertilization is called as parthnogenesis. Parthenogenesis was discovered by Charles Bonnet in the egg of se

The denver development screening test (ddst), THE DENVER DEVELOPMENT SCREEN...

THE DENVER DEVELOPMENT SCREENING TEST (DDST) The Denver Development Screening Test is a standardized test to assess gross motor, fine motor, language and social development

Amphibians, respiratory system in amphibains

respiratory system in amphibains

By which mechanisms pathogenic bacteria cause diseases, Q. What are few me...

Q. What are few mechanisms by which pathogenic bacteria cause diseases? And why is this knowledge important? Pathogenic bacteria have characteristics called as virulence factor

Parasitology, how trematodes/nematodes adapt to their parasitic mode of fee...

how trematodes/nematodes adapt to their parasitic mode of feeding

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd