Botulism, Biology

Assignment Help:

Botulism

It is a toxicity in chickens, turkeys, ducks and other aquatic birds caused by a bacterial toxin produced by anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum mainly types A and C. The toxin produced in decaying carcass and plant waste is consumed by the birds or the birds infected with Cl. botulinum may produce it in the cecum. Morbidity is usually low but mortality is high.

Symptoms and lesions: The birds show nervous signs, progressive flaccid paralysis of legs and wings before death or in peracute cases, sudden death. When neck muscles are affected, the head hangs limp, thus causing a condition referred to as limberneck. Affected birds may have a peculiar trembling, loose feathers that are pulled out easily and dull partly closed eyes. In most of the cases, there are no PM lesions. In others, severe enteritis may be seen.

Diagnosis: Clinical history and signs may be adequate to diagnose the condition. For confirmation, biological test is done in mice. The supernatant of the centrifuged intestinal contents (particularly from cecae) of the dead bird, membrane filtered and inoculated into mice will kill them quickly.

Prevention and control: Biosecurity is the best way of prevention. Preventing access to toxin, suspect food and stagnant ponds, especially in hot weather is an adequate method.


Related Discussions:- Botulism

Energy, what are the types of pyramids studied

what are the types of pyramids studied

Explain nutritional support management - cancer patient, Explain about the ...

Explain about the Nutritional Support Management? Tube feeding is usually started. If tube feeding is not possible, parenteral nutrition through peripheral vein or through the

What are the physical signs of aortic stenosis, Q. What are the Physical Si...

Q. What are the Physical Signs of aortic stenosis? Typically the carotid pulse in severe aortic stenosis is delayed (pulsus tardus). It is also decreased in amplitude (pulses p

Define the determination of completion of reaction, Define the Determinatio...

Define the Determination of Completion of Reaction ? Several methods are used to determine when the reaction is complete. Some of these include (a) Observing an indicator (c

Define transcription phase of gene expression process, Define Transcription...

Define Transcription Phase of Gene Expression Process? Transcription is the enzyme synthesis of RNA on a DNA template. This is the first stage in the overall process of gene ex

Anatomy and Physiology, I have a test online it is timed 30 minutes on Anat...

I have a test online it is timed 30 minutes on Anatomy and Physiology I need an expert who is an expert in this subject to take it for me

Why a species has a diploid chromosome number of 56, A species has a diploi...

A species has a diploid chromosome number of 56. Is it true or false that of the 28 chromosomes in an ovum, 14 are always paternal? Ignore the effects of crossing over. Justify you

Explain lock and key model, Fischer 's template or lock and key model ...

Fischer 's template or lock and key model According to this model, the catalytic site of the enzyme has a proper conformation compatible to a specific substrate even  in  the a

Define chronic fever and infection, Chronic fever and  infection Chron...

Chronic fever and  infection Chronic fever  and  infection are always supported will a long standing history of symptoms  or repeated episodes of infection. One of the commonl

Management of paediatric emergencies, MANAGEMENT OF PAEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES:...

MANAGEMENT OF PAEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES: Let us first discuss why  the  children are more  prone to  come across emergency situations.  Young children, because of  their inten

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd