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In terms of negative feedback, there exists an analogy between the operational amplifier and the power-steering mechanism of an automobile. The hydraulic pump is analogous to the power supply in an op-amp circuit. The position of the booster-cylinder piston that is linked to the steering is analogous to the op-amp output signal; the mechanical linkage between the control valve and the booster-cylinder piston is analogous to the feedback circuit; the control-valve response to the difference between the input from the steering wheel and the position of the steering linkage is analogous to the op-amp response to its differential input signal. Thus the automotive power- assisted steering system is but an example of negative feedback in a mechanical sense.
Figure 5.6.1 illustrates in a simplified manner how a hydraulic pump driven by the engine continuously supplies pressure to a control valve which in turn supplies the fluid to the two sides of the booster cylinder. A negative feedback path is established from the booster cylinder through the mechanical linkage back to the control valve.
For straight steering, the pressure applied is equal on both sides of the cylinder and, as such, no turning force results.When the steering wheel is moved by the driver to turn the wheels in the desired direction, more pressure is applied to one side of the cylinder or the other. A mechanical feedback arm from the steering linkage causes the valve to return to its neutral position as the wheels turn, thereby allowing the driver to make a gradual turn. As and when the steering wheel is turned, the wheels move a proportional amount rather than moving all the way to the extreme position.
Alow-noise transducer is connected to an instrumentation system by a cable that generates thermal noise at room temperature. The information-bearing signal has a bandwidth of 6 kHz
Q. Consider a current element I 1 d ¯ l 1 = 10 dz ¯ az kA located at (0,0,1) and another I 2 d ¯ l 2 = 5dx ¯ ax kA located at (0,1,0). Compute d ¯ F 21 and d ¯ F 12 experienc
A 450 ns EPROM won't work directly with a 5MHz 8088.Why? Explain. While the 8088 is operated along with a 5 MHz clock, it permits 460 ns for the memory to access data. Due to t
Comparison of Analog-Modulation Systems The comparison of analog modulation systems (conventional AM, DSB SC, SSB SC, VSB, FM, and PM) can be based on three practical criteria:
Can add vectors using the parallelogram rule Can multiply a vector by a scalar - result is a parallel vector • length is scaled
Q. Explain about Junction FET? The JFET is a three-terminal, voltage-controlled current device, whereas the BJT is principally a three-terminal, current-controlled current devi
Metering Standards Relevant standards on metering are given in Table. Table: Relevant Metering Standards Standards Description
When you have a three phase short circuit of power cables laid in a trefoil formation they repel apart very dramatically. Why is this and what is happening?
what''s robust?
Guidelines from Electricity Regulatory Commission The electricity companies have successfully adopted the guidelines issued through ERCs Utilities usually set their yearly KP
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