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Assessing Maintenance Needs:
Maintenance needs can be assessed by a careful inspection of roads at regular intervals, observing defects such as :
The modern method of assessing the riding quality of a road is by a Bump Integrator machine, towed by a vehicle at a speed of 30 Km/hr. The Bump Integrator (BI) value is expressed in mm/Km. The following gives the rough guide for BI value.
Table: Typical bump Integrator Values in mm/Km
A simple method of assessing the condition of a low volume rural road is by means of a Pavement Condition Index (PCI). The PCI value ranges from 1 (Very Poor) to 5 (Very Good) and can be assessed by one of the following methods :
(a) Based on visual inspection
(b) Based riding comfort, when travelling at 50 Km/hr speed
(c) Based on comfortable driving speed possible
Table : PCI Value Based on Visual Inspection
A raft of size 4 m-square carries a load of 200 kN/m 2 . Verify the vertical stress increment at a point 4 m below the centre of the loaded area using Boussinesq's theory. Compare
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Determine the normal and shear stress elements: The state of stress at a point is given through the stress components σ x = 70 MPa, σ y = 10 MPa, and τ xy = - 40 MPa. Using
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