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Anatomy of a Command
Figure, showing a simple SQL command, is almost identical to its counterpart in the theory book. The only difference arises from the fact that SQL uses a different notation for assignment to a local variable. (The SQL international standard doesn't actually use the terms update operator and read-only operator, but SQL does embrace those distinct concepts).
Figure: Some terminology
INSERT Command in SQL Loosely speaking, INSERT takes the rows of a given source table and adds them to the specified target table, retaining all the existing rows in the targ
Example of NOT EXISTS in SQL Example: Use of NOT EXISTS CREATE ASSERTION Must_be_enrolled_to_take_exam_alternative1 CHECK ( NOT EXISTS (SELECT StudentId, CourseId
Closing a Cursor The CLOSE statements disable the cursor, and the result set becomes undefined. An illustration of the CLOSE statement as shown: CLOSE c1;
Control Structures The Control structures are the most important PL/SQL extension to the SQL. Not only does PL/SQL let you manipulate Oracle data, it lets you process the data
Parameter and Keyword Description: type_name: This identifies a user-defined type specifier that is used in the subsequent declarations of the objects. AUTHID Clause:
Special cases of projection This section describes the identity projection, r {ALL BUT}, and the projection on no attributes, r { }, which yields TABLE_DUM when r is empty, ot
Example of Shorthand for a row constraint Example: Shorthand for a row constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Mark_in_range CHECK (Mark BETWEEN 0 AND 100);
Entering and Exiting If you enter the executable part of an autonomous routine, the major transaction suspends. When you exit the routine, the major transaction resumes. To ex
Keyword and Parameter Description select_statement: This is a query which returns a result set of the rows. Its syntax is such that of select_ into_statement without the IN
Using COMMIT The COMMIT statements end the present transaction and make permanent any changes made during that transaction. Till you commit the changes, other users cannot acc
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