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Chelating agents
Oxalates: Only a few plants contain sufficient amounts of sodium and potassium oxalate to be considered toxic. Moreover, ruminants that consume these plants develop increasing amounts of tolerance to oxalate. An oxalate degrading anaerobe microorganism has been isolated from pure culture of rumen bacteria. This organism, Oxalobacter formigens, uses oxalate as a sole energy source and produces carbon dioxide and formate as end products. Studies in animals and human volunteers have indicated that, when administered therapeutically, O. formigenes can establish in the gut and reduce the urinary oxalate concentration following an oxalate load, hence reducing the likely incidence of calcium oxalate kidney stone formation. The findings to date suggest that anaerobic, colonic bacteria such as O. formigenes, that are able to degrade toxic compounds in the gut, may, in future, find application for therapeutic use, with substantial benefit for human health and well-being.
Nitrates: Forage plants and water are common sources of high levels of nitrates.Some of the causes of abnormal accumulation of nitrates in plants are: nitrogen fertilizaton, drought conditions and some herbicidal treatments. Although in the rumen nitrate is readily reduced to nitrite and then to ammonia, the consumption of plant materials with high levels of nitrate might lead to an acute intoxication. Nitrate reduction in the rumen competes with other essential metabolic reactions such as mathanogenesis, end-product formation, and microbial protein synthesis, and its toxicity reduces growth, causes Vitamin A deficiency, abortion, infertility, and goiter.
KARYOTHEC A OR NUCLEAR MEMBRANE It is also called Nucleolemma, term given by Erclab & Hertwig. Karyotheca composed of two unit membranes separated by a 150-300 A° wide p
In the prokaryotes, RNA transcribed from protein-coding genes or messenger RNA, mRNA, need little or no changes prior to translation. In reality, several mRNA molecu
Lack of iron in the photic zone of the ocean restricts the size of plankton population.Iron is what kind of factor for marine plankton?
Q. Do all mammals have a placenta? Mammals of the monotreme group (platypus, echidnas) are oviparous egg- laying and they don't have a placenta. Mammals of the marsupial group
Increased CO 2 levels in the atmosphere are correlated with rising global temperatures, leading many scientists to believe that the first phenomenon has caused the second. What wo
what is cranium
Mass transportation is the access or the exiting of substances in or from the cell engulfed by portions of membrane. The fusion of internal substance-having membranous vesicles wit
EPIBOLY - The epibolic movements occur only in the prospective ectodermal blastomeres. In the blastula of frog, migration and rearrangement of microceres over megameres i
Noise Pollution - Environmental Pollution Noise is unwanted sound or excessively high levels of sound. Noise pollution is not only an annoyance, but at sufficiently high level
Patient Positioning The patient should be in the left lateral position as this brings the heart into contact with chest wall. The left arm is extended behind the head t
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