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We are use to using variables within C without thinking about where they are stored. Most variables are dynamic i.e. can change, therefore they are stored in Ram, unlike a program once developed is static i.e. doesn't change; this is often storage in EPROM or Rom. We can directly access the address where the variable is stored by means of the address operator '&' .This returns the address of the variable followed i.e.
printf("The address of var A is %lx and the contents of var A is %x",&a,a) This address is often fixed by the compiler and cannot be altered easily, very often we want initialize the address of a variable and vary it, C uses the concept of the pointer to handle this. A pointer is a variable which holds an address (This is in fact an address register on the 68Hc11 i.e. X, Y). We can explicitly load up the variable with any number (address which we like) and perform simple mathematical functions on it i.e. add, mul, sub etc. In order to declare the variable as a pointer we need to prefix it with a * in its declarations i.e.
int *point; char *point; float *point;
The type of pointer used describes the size of the data to be read i.e. a char pointer reads 7 bits of data , unsigned char 8 bits i.e. (some programmers use sizeof function to get actual machine size).
char * point == 7 bits unsigned char * point == 8 bits int * point == 15 bits unsigned int * point == 16 bits float * point == 31 bits unsigned float * point == 32 bits
why we say" OS is a resource allocator" and “OS is a control program"?
Q. What merit is there in having different time-quantum sizes on different levels of a multilevel queuing system? Answer: Processes that require more frequent servicing for ins
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A paper mill produces two grades of paper viz., X and Y. Because of raw material restrictions, it cannot produce more than 400 tons of grade X paper and 300 tons of grade Y paper i
properies of Batch oriented and interactive operating system.
As we have discussed, page tables map virtual page addresses to physical page addresses. One of the advantages of using virtual addresses is that we can achieve complete separation
Paging: Only the needed memory pages are moved to main memory from the swap machine for execution. Process size does not matter. Produce the concept of the virtual memory. It
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What is an operating system and what are the different types of operating systems? Operating System An Operating System or OS is a software program that allows the compute
How many disk operations are needed to fetch the i-node for the file /usr/ast/courses/os/handout.t? Assume that the i-node for the root directory is in memory, but nothing else alo
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