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We are use to using variables within C without thinking about where they are stored. Most variables are dynamic i.e. can change, therefore they are stored in Ram, unlike a program once developed is static i.e. doesn't change; this is often storage in EPROM or Rom. We can directly access the address where the variable is stored by means of the address operator '&' .This returns the address of the variable followed i.e.
printf("The address of var A is %lx and the contents of var A is %x",&a,a) This address is often fixed by the compiler and cannot be altered easily, very often we want initialize the address of a variable and vary it, C uses the concept of the pointer to handle this. A pointer is a variable which holds an address (This is in fact an address register on the 68Hc11 i.e. X, Y). We can explicitly load up the variable with any number (address which we like) and perform simple mathematical functions on it i.e. add, mul, sub etc. In order to declare the variable as a pointer we need to prefix it with a * in its declarations i.e.
int *point; char *point; float *point;
The type of pointer used describes the size of the data to be read i.e. a char pointer reads 7 bits of data , unsigned char 8 bits i.e. (some programmers use sizeof function to get actual machine size).
char * point == 7 bits unsigned char * point == 8 bits int * point == 15 bits unsigned int * point == 16 bits float * point == 31 bits unsigned float * point == 32 bits
Lexical substitution during macro expansion Lexical substitution is employed to produce an assembly statement from a model statement. A model statement contains 3 types of stri
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Take the binary number and divide it into groups of 4 bits starting from the right hand side , if no group of 4 exists fill out leading 0's, then convert each group of 4 to a hex n
Q. Distinguish among a STREAMS driver and a STREAMS module? Answer: The STREAMS driver controls the physical device that could be involved in a STREAMS operation. The STREAMS
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What is contiguous allocation? Allocation of a group of consecutive sectors for a one file.
Why Global variables are unacceptable Global variable, for instance, are unacceptable because they break the rules of self - containment. If all procedural components are runni
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