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We are use to using variables within C without thinking about where they are stored. Most variables are dynamic i.e. can change, therefore they are stored in Ram, unlike a program once developed is static i.e. doesn't change; this is often storage in EPROM or Rom. We can directly access the address where the variable is stored by means of the address operator '&' .This returns the address of the variable followed i.e.
printf("The address of var A is %lx and the contents of var A is %x",&a,a) This address is often fixed by the compiler and cannot be altered easily, very often we want initialize the address of a variable and vary it, C uses the concept of the pointer to handle this. A pointer is a variable which holds an address (This is in fact an address register on the 68Hc11 i.e. X, Y). We can explicitly load up the variable with any number (address which we like) and perform simple mathematical functions on it i.e. add, mul, sub etc. In order to declare the variable as a pointer we need to prefix it with a * in its declarations i.e.
int *point; char *point; float *point;
The type of pointer used describes the size of the data to be read i.e. a char pointer reads 7 bits of data , unsigned char 8 bits i.e. (some programmers use sizeof function to get actual machine size).
char * point == 7 bits unsigned char * point == 8 bits int * point == 15 bits unsigned int * point == 16 bits float * point == 31 bits unsigned float * point == 32 bits
Assume there are only 4 page frames in the physical memory, for the following reference string: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 1, 6, 7, 8, 7, 8, 9, 7, 8, 9, 5, 4, 5, 4, 2, 8. a) What i
server configure
List ways to share files among directories in operating systems. a. Copy file from one account into another. b. Link directory entry of "copied" file to directory entry of o
What are the necessary conditions for deadlocks? 1. Mutual exclusion : Only one process at a time is able to use the resource. 2. Hold and wait : A process should be holdi
Explain about disk scheduling with neat diagram? FCFS Scheduling SCAN scheduling C-SCAN scheduling SSTF scheduling LOOK Scheduling
how does it works
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Entry-sequenced file organization The records in an entry-sequenced file are store up in the order they are written into the file. New records are for all time appended to
Define caching. A cache is a region of fast memory that holds copies of data. Access to the cached copy is well-organized than access to the original. Caching and buffering are
distinguish between dynamic and fixed partitioning
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