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We are use to using variables within C without thinking about where they are stored. Most variables are dynamic i.e. can change, therefore they are stored in Ram, unlike a program once developed is static i.e. doesn't change; this is often storage in EPROM or Rom. We can directly access the address where the variable is stored by means of the address operator '&' .This returns the address of the variable followed i.e.
printf("The address of var A is %lx and the contents of var A is %x",&a,a) This address is often fixed by the compiler and cannot be altered easily, very often we want initialize the address of a variable and vary it, C uses the concept of the pointer to handle this. A pointer is a variable which holds an address (This is in fact an address register on the 68Hc11 i.e. X, Y). We can explicitly load up the variable with any number (address which we like) and perform simple mathematical functions on it i.e. add, mul, sub etc. In order to declare the variable as a pointer we need to prefix it with a * in its declarations i.e.
int *point; char *point; float *point;
The type of pointer used describes the size of the data to be read i.e. a char pointer reads 7 bits of data , unsigned char 8 bits i.e. (some programmers use sizeof function to get actual machine size).
char * point == 7 bits unsigned char * point == 8 bits int * point == 15 bits unsigned int * point == 16 bits float * point == 31 bits unsigned float * point == 32 bits
A page fault causes the following sequence to occur. 1. Trap (shut in) to the operating system. 2. Save the process registers and process state. 3. Verify that the interr
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What are batch systems? Batch systems are quite appropriate for implementing large jobs that need little interaction. The user can submit jobs and return later for the results.
Process Description A process in UNIX is a somewhat complex set of data structures that provides the operating system with all of the information necessary to dispatch and manag
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In modern operating systems, applications do not directly access the physical memory. Instead, they use so-called virtual memory, where each virtual address is translated to a phys
VARIABLE PARTITIONING We can differ the partitions and change the location according to the size of the process. 50k 40k
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