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We are use to using variables within C without thinking about where they are stored. Most variables are dynamic i.e. can change, therefore they are stored in Ram, unlike a program once developed is static i.e. doesn't change; this is often storage in EPROM or Rom. We can directly access the address where the variable is stored by means of the address operator '&' .This returns the address of the variable followed i.e.
printf("The address of var A is %lx and the contents of var A is %x",&a,a) This address is often fixed by the compiler and cannot be altered easily, very often we want initialize the address of a variable and vary it, C uses the concept of the pointer to handle this. A pointer is a variable which holds an address (This is in fact an address register on the 68Hc11 i.e. X, Y). We can explicitly load up the variable with any number (address which we like) and perform simple mathematical functions on it i.e. add, mul, sub etc. In order to declare the variable as a pointer we need to prefix it with a * in its declarations i.e.
int *point; char *point; float *point;
The type of pointer used describes the size of the data to be read i.e. a char pointer reads 7 bits of data , unsigned char 8 bits i.e. (some programmers use sizeof function to get actual machine size).
char * point == 7 bits unsigned char * point == 8 bits int * point == 15 bits unsigned int * point == 16 bits float * point == 31 bits unsigned float * point == 32 bits
Now let us present an implementation of a producer-consumer system using condition variables. This implementation works. dequeue() lock(A) while (queue empty) { wait(A, C)
When the Page fault frequency in an operating system is reduced Locality of reference is appropriate to the process
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Recognition of essential syntactic constructs by reductions, this task is carried out by Recognition of essential syntactic constructs by reductions, this task is carried out
What are the disadvantages of linked allocation? The drawbacks are a. Used only for sequential access of files. b. Direct access is not supported c. Memory space neede
what is semantics of system call execution?
FIFO page replacement This is the easiest page replacement algorithm. At this juncture the 1 st page entering is the 1 st to leave that is the oldest page leaves. To execute
As we have discussed, page tables map virtual page addresses to physical page addresses. One of the advantages of using virtual addresses is that we can achieve complete separation
Q. Why might a system utilize interrupt-driven I/O to manage a single serial port however polling I/O to manage a front-end processor such as a terminal concentrator? A
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