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We are use to using variables within C without thinking about where they are stored. Most variables are dynamic i.e. can change, therefore they are stored in Ram, unlike a program once developed is static i.e. doesn't change; this is often storage in EPROM or Rom. We can directly access the address where the variable is stored by means of the address operator '&' .This returns the address of the variable followed i.e.
printf("The address of var A is %lx and the contents of var A is %x",&a,a) This address is often fixed by the compiler and cannot be altered easily, very often we want initialize the address of a variable and vary it, C uses the concept of the pointer to handle this. A pointer is a variable which holds an address (This is in fact an address register on the 68Hc11 i.e. X, Y). We can explicitly load up the variable with any number (address which we like) and perform simple mathematical functions on it i.e. add, mul, sub etc. In order to declare the variable as a pointer we need to prefix it with a * in its declarations i.e.
int *point; char *point; float *point;
The type of pointer used describes the size of the data to be read i.e. a char pointer reads 7 bits of data , unsigned char 8 bits i.e. (some programmers use sizeof function to get actual machine size).
char * point == 7 bits unsigned char * point == 8 bits int * point == 15 bits unsigned int * point == 16 bits float * point == 31 bits unsigned float * point == 32 bits
Signal handling A signal is used in UNIX systems to inform a process that a particular event has occurred. 1. A signal is produced by the occurrence of a particular event.
Q. Explain about Spooling? Acronym for simultaneous peripheral operations on line. Spooling denotes to putting jobs in a buffer, a special area in memory or on a disk where
Briefly explain about file system implementation? Several on-disk and in-memory structures are used to execute a file system. On disk, the file system may have information abou
My code it didn''t run properly ,i tried to pass 2 parameter example : ./a.out ls -ll ,but it execute only the ls instead of the ls -ll ! plz help amd thank you ! #include #inclu
PART A Question 1 Using your own words, explain what a continuous random variable and a continuous probability density function are. Give examples. Question 2 Gi
What OS''s are available in market as open source?
Some CPUs provide for more than two modes of operation. What are two possible uses of these multiple modes?
limitations
Problem 1: (a) What are the likely benefits which an organisation may derive from the planning process? (b) Explain the main reasons why an organisation may fail to plan.
Q. We have stressed the require for an operating system to make efficient use of the computing hardware. When is it suitable for the operating system to forsake this principle and
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