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We are use to using variables within C without thinking about where they are stored. Most variables are dynamic i.e. can change, therefore they are stored in Ram, unlike a program once developed is static i.e. doesn't change; this is often storage in EPROM or Rom. We can directly access the address where the variable is stored by means of the address operator '&' .This returns the address of the variable followed i.e.
printf("The address of var A is %lx and the contents of var A is %x",&a,a) This address is often fixed by the compiler and cannot be altered easily, very often we want initialize the address of a variable and vary it, C uses the concept of the pointer to handle this. A pointer is a variable which holds an address (This is in fact an address register on the 68Hc11 i.e. X, Y). We can explicitly load up the variable with any number (address which we like) and perform simple mathematical functions on it i.e. add, mul, sub etc. In order to declare the variable as a pointer we need to prefix it with a * in its declarations i.e.
int *point; char *point; float *point;
The type of pointer used describes the size of the data to be read i.e. a char pointer reads 7 bits of data , unsigned char 8 bits i.e. (some programmers use sizeof function to get actual machine size).
char * point == 7 bits unsigned char * point == 8 bits int * point == 15 bits unsigned int * point == 16 bits float * point == 31 bits unsigned float * point == 32 bits
Write a short note on disk structure Modern disk drives are initiate as large one dimensional array of logical blocks where the logical block is the smallest unit of transfer.
What are batch systems? Batch systems are quite appropriate for implementing large jobs that need little interaction. The user can submit jobs and return later for the results.
Now we consider the following questions: how can the parent process communicate with its child? Or how can children processes communicate with other children? The exact answer depe
Explain the steps in deadlock recovery. a) Exterminate off all processes involved - drastic. b) Exterminate off one at a time till deadlock gone - select a victim.
Thermostats are subjected to rigorous testing before they are shipped to air conditioning technicians around the world. Results from the last five samples are shown in the table. D
We will brie?y introduce paging to ?nish off this lecture. When a process is loaded, not all of the pages are immediately loaded, since it's possible that they will not all be need
what is multiprogramming
Explain the Network protocols There are a wide variety of network protocols to choose from traditionally client - server developers were required to choose a communications pro
Describe when you run an unlink() operation to remove a file on the ext3 file system. Be specific about what disk blocks have to be written where in what order. State your assumpti
Processes and threads each have their place in multi-programming, generally to hide latency and to maximize CPU utilization. With the continuing spread of multi-core processors in
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