Reference no: EM13768552

1. What was the effective strategy used in Boston in 1996 to address gang violence?
A) Crisis intervention
B) Pulling levers
C) Traditional strategies
D) Social intervention

2. When giving interviews to the media, officers should speak in soundbites with the most important information provided at what point in the interview?
A) At the beginning, even if it means telling the story in reverse, with the conclusion before the background information.
B) Repeated at the beginning, in the middle and again at the end.
C) At the end for effect.
D) In the middle, with some background given up front and again at the end.

3. Outlaw motorcycle gangs have what type of leadership?
A) Strong and decentralized
B) Weak and decentralized
C) Strong and centralized
D) Multiple levels, stratified and decentralized

4. Which of the following is the oldest and most commonly used school/law enforcement partnership?
A) School liaison officer (SLO)
B) Adopt-a-cop
C) Life skills resource liaison officer (LSRLO)
D) School resource officer (SRO)

5. Within the problem-oriented policing approach, what is the definition of a problem?
A) A community concern, however unrelated, to a specific area, time or frequency.
B) A cluster of similar, related or recurring incidents, rather than a single incident or a substantive community concern.
C) A cluster of related, however infrequent, incidents in a specific geographic area.
D) A cluster of incidents, however unrelated, in a specific geographic area.

6. What is the most effective tool terrorists have to bring about political change?
A) Formal political power
B) Religion
C) Economic wealth
D) Creation and exploitation of fear

7. What was one of the major lessons learned from the Rochester, New York Operation Cease Fire initiative?
A) Instituting an aggressive gun buyback program targeting youth gangs was effective.
B) Restricting traffic in high-crime areas with roadblocks was effective.
C) Teaching conflict resolution among gangs was effective.
D) The program was effective as part of a long-term strategic approach rather than a short-term strategic approach.

8. What kind of bias is the motivation for the majority of hate crimes?
A) Sexual orientation
B) Age-related
C) Ethnic
D) Racial

9. Which of the following is not considered an effective collaborative violence prevention effort?
A) Building more private prisons to accommodate more violence offenders.
B) Corporate support for antiviolence projects.
C) Public/community dialogue among public and private sector partners.
D) Addressing violence as a public health problem.

10. What is the reason primary crime prevention mechanisms appear to work?
A) They increase the perception of risk in the offender.
B) Involvement of social service agencies.
C) Publicity
D) They are initiated by law enforcement.

11. The gangs Florencia 13, Fresno Bulldogs, Latin Disciples, Tango Blast and Unit Blood Nation are of which gang type?
A) Street-level
B) International-level
C) Regional-level
D) National-level

12. Which of the following is the current trend in disseminating information to media outlets?
A) The trend is to have only the chief or high-ranking officers do the interviews rather than a PIO.
B) The trend is to have the PIO do the interviews and to discourage or prohibit other officers from doing interviews.
C) The trend is for only supervisors on the scene to talk with the media, since they have more direct information than a PIO.
D) The trend is moving away from designated public information officers (PIOs) to allowing any officer to talk with the media.

13. The region of the United States that has the lowest crime rates is the ________.
A) West
B) Northeast
C) South
D) Midwest

14. The FBI has developed four categories of school shooters. Which category involves strongly implying violence?
A) Veiled threat
B) Indirect threat
C) Direct threat
D) Conditional threat

15. Consistent with the theme that good police officers communicate well under stress, verbal judo (also referred to as tactical civility) is a communication technique that advocates police officers using which of the following when someone confronts them with verbal attacks?
A) Equal verbal response to that which is aimed at the officer.
B) Progressively increased vocal assertion
C) Be courteous but counter aggressive talk with equal force, yet never retreat to avoid further aggressiveness.
D) Remain civil, get tough if necessary and then return to civility.

16. What was the key finding in the San Francisco Police Department Foot Patrol Program as reported by Rosenfeld in 2008?
A) Foot patrols decreased the community's perception of safety because they saw fewer police on motorized patrol.
B) Foot patrols were scarcely noticed by citizens.
C) The community accepted the foot patrols positively, but they were not well received by the police.
D) Ninety percent of the community members responding to a survey believed foot patrols were a necessary tool for addressing crime and quality-of-life issues.

17. International terrorists most often engage in what is referred to as ________ warfare.
A) symmetric
B) multidimensional
C) asymmetric
D) unilateral

18. In the SARA problem-solving process, which step refers to identifying problems and prioritizing them to select problems to address?
A) Response
B) Scanning
C) Assessment
D) Analysis

19. Which strategy addressing gang problems uses treatment, outreach and referral to social services?
A) Social intervention
B) Community mobilization
C) Suppression
D) Organizational development

20. The broken windows phenomenon is an example of which theory?
A) Integrated
B) Gateway
C) Strain
D) Contagion

21. What type of strategies does community policing emphasize?
A) Proactive
B) Reactive
C) Deliberate
D) Enforcement-oriented

22. Which of the following is critical to the success of strategic planning in a police agency?
A) The plan must be a budget document.
B) The plan must have no connection to budgeting since that is another plan.
C) The plan must have no effect on the current budget (be cost-neutral).
D) The plan must be tied to the budget.

23. Which of the following is an example of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED)?
A) Citizens on patrol
B) Use of volunteers
C) Street lighting
D) Situational crime prevention

24. What is the most promising and most important method of dealing with crime that is considered a cornerstone of community policing?
A) Non-law enforcement social services
B) Law enforcement
C) Problem solving
D) Crime prevention

25. CPTED emerged from research on the relationship between crime and ________.
A) place
B) people
C) governmental policies
D) social service organizations

26. Which of the following is an impediment to implementing innovative community policing?
A) Lack of vision by police executives.
B) Substantial segments of the public do not want the police to change.
C) All of these choices.
D) Union skepticism of innovation.

27. What did Sir Robert Peel, founder of the London Metropolitan Police, consider the primary duty of police?
A) Prevention of crime and disorder.
B) Enforcement of the law
C) Criminal investigation
D) Preservation of property rights

28. Research by Skogan and Frydl found that police are most likely to obtain cooperation if they engage in ________ policing and, in doing so, are attentive to the way they treat people, behaving in ways that positively influence the degree to which people perceive the procedures used as fair to people.
A) system-oriented
B) procedure-oriented
C) formula-oriented
D) process-oriented

29. Who in policing have the opportunity to use the greatest amount of discretion?
A) Patrol officers
B) High-ranking police executives
C) Police commanders
D) Police supervisors

30. ________ of prevention benefits occurs when criminals believe that the opportunity blocking of one type of criminal activity is also aimed at other types of criminal activity.
A) Diffusion
B) Disarticulation
C) Displacement
D) Synergism

31. Which of the following is not one of the common characteristics as determined from a National Symposium on Community Intuitions and Inner-City Crime Project study of model programs for reducing inner-city crime?
A) Focused on the middle-income families who were often victimized.
B) Built on community strengths.
C) Focused on causes of crime.
D) Had a strong leader and incorporated natural support systems.

32. Which of the following is one of the reasons community policing and problem solving are not always well-accepted by law enforcement and communities?
A) The program is department-wide rather than in a special unit.
B) The infrastructure is overdeveloped.
C) All of these choices.
D) There is a lack of interagency cooperation.

33. When youth programs concentrate on the policies and programs using a promote youth development approach, the focus of this effective strategy for delinquency prevention centers on which of the following?
A) Continuous assessment to identify and remove problem youth.
B) Law enforcement centered approach to developmental issues
C) Youth as problem solvers rather than problems to be solved.
D) Solving problems associated with youth delinquency

34. Youth-Focused Community Policing is a Department of Justice initiative that establishes law enforcement-community partnerships focused on ________.
A) intervention
B) law enforcement
C) prevention
D) a combination of prevention, intervention and law enforcement

35. In communities with high levels of Putnam's social capital and high levels of community policing, how might the relationship between the police and the community be characterized?
A) Police acting as facilitators
B) The community working autonomously
C) Police and community working in partnership
D) Police pushing the community toward higher levels of engagement

36. Which of the following is a true statement about findings from the National Gang Threat Assessment?
A) Gangs account for only a small percentage of crimes in many communities.
B) Gangs and gang members are migrating from urban areas to suburban and rural areas.
C) Gangs account for only a minimal amount of drug trafficking in communities.
D) Only a small number of gangs engage in violence.

37. Which of the following is not one of the three effective gun control intervention strategies?
A) Interrupting sources of illegal guns.
B) Responding to illegal gun use.
C) Determining illegal possession and carrying of guns.
D) Making possession of all handguns illegal.

38. ________ advocates a balanced approach to sentencing that involves offenders, victims, local communities and government to alleviate crime and violence and obtain peaceful communities
A) Ecology of crime
B) Conciliatory justice
C) Restorative justice
D) Retributive justice

39. Which of the components of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) refers to making potential objectives of criminals more difficult to obtain?
A) Community building.
B) Target hardening.
C) Changes to the physical environment.
D) Community building and changes to the physical environment.

40. Which of the following is an effective predictor of serious violent and abusive behavior in domestic violence?
A) Animal abuse
B) Alcohol consumption including social drinking
C) Gun ownership
D) Low social-economic status

41. What is the term used to describe how new immigrants arriving in the United States seek out others from their homeland and settle in enclaves with those of similar heritage?
A) Cultural singularism
B) Acculturation
C) Assimilation
D) Cultural pluralism

42. Project ChildSafe is the nation's largest program focused on ________.
A) a gun buyback program
B) gang violence
C) gun courts
D) a firearm safety education and gun lock program

43. What is the number one concern of most neighborhoods and communities?
A) Gangs
B) Violent crime
C) Traffic problems
D) Property crimes

44. Which of the following is a controversial method used to reduce vehicle accidents due to speeding?
A) Traffic calming
B) Click it or ticket
C) Traffic light camera enforcement
D) Stepped-up radar enforcement

45. Community prosecutors focus not on specific cases but on community issues and problems that often involve ________.
A) quality-of-life issues
B) crisis counseling related to court intervention
C) disputes with police officers
D) civil suits

46. Which of the following is an effective way to determine if there is good environmental design to deter or prevent crime?
A) Interviews of police officers
B) Crime prevention security surveys
C) Crime statistical analysis
D) Photo surveillance

47. Which of the following provides a false image of policing that can negatively affect police image in a community and is a perception over which the police have little control?
A) Police novelty items
B) Police uniforms and equipment
C) Police exercise of their authority
D) CSI effect

48. Blanchard and Peale in writing about ethical decision making suggested three questions that can be used as personal ethics checks. Which of the following is not one of the questions?
A) Is it legal?
B) Is it fair?
C) Is it balanced?
D) How will it make me feel about myself?

49. A study by Mazerolle et al. summarizing academic studies evaluating the range of street-level drug law enforcement interventions came to what conclusion?
A) Police partnerships with a variety of community entities combined with law enforcement approaches focused on hot spots were more effective than law enforcement-only approaches focused on hot spots
B) Law enforcement-only approaches focused on hot spots worked best.
C) Police partnerships with a variety of community entities combined with law enforcement approaches focused on hot spots were no more or less effective than law enforcement-only approaches focused on hot spots.
D) Law enforcement-only approaches focused on hot spots were ineffective.

50. Which of the following is not a viable effort for the prevention of youths becoming gang members?
A) Begin early.
B) Target youths with multiple risk factors.
C) Target youths with single risk factors.
D) Address all facets of youths' lives.