Reference no: EM131030463

Chapter 19 Global Exploration and Global Empires, 1400-1700

Multiple-Choice Questions

1) Which of the following statements about Mehmed's victory at Constantinople is true?

A) It expanded Islamic power and wealth significantly.
B) It weakened existing Muslim trade networks.
C) It ruined European trade and led to a decline in commercial activity.
D) It reoriented European trade eastward.

2) The unification of Spain was finally completed under the rule of

A) Isabella and Ferdinand.
B) Carlos I.
C) Philip III.
D) João III.

3) Spain's two most significant kingdoms were

A) Andalusia and Asturias.
B) Iberia and Portugal.
C) Aragon and Castile.
D) Catalonia and Valencia.

4) Which of these had strengthened the monarchies of Spain and Portugal?

A) the Black Death
B) the Reconquista
C) the Ottoman capture of Constantinople
D) the rise of the Almoravids

5) Which comparison between the Mongols and Iberians is NOT valid?

A) Both used technologies adopted from other civilizations.
B) Both killed thousands through combat and disease.
C) Both were warrior cultures.
D) Both forced their religions on their conquests.

6) What led Portuguese nobility to organize expeditions in search of plunder?

A) They were economically weakened after the Black Death.
B) They hoped for upward mobility which would lead to an overthrow of the monarch.
C) Spanish explorers had reported that there was great wealth in the "new world."
D) Portugal's status in Europe had declined, and Spain and England had become the major powers.

7) Where was the first Portuguese overseas conquest?

A) the Canaries
B) West Africa
C) Brazil
D) Morocco

8) Henry the Navigator was the

A) younger son of the king of Portugal.
B) heir to the Portuguese throne.
C) king of Portugal.
D) adopted son of the king of Portugal.

9) Why were western Europeans searching for a new route to the West Indies?

A) the current route was lengthy and dangerous due to piracy
B) the Turks controlled the eastern Mediterranean, and their trading regulations were costly
C) the Turks had threatened to close land-sea trade routes to Christians
D) the Muslims forced women on board the ships to be completely covered in accordance with Islamic law

10) Prince Henry the Navigator did all of the following EXCEPT

A) advance the Christian faith.
B) help Portugal determine the extent of Islamic rule in Africa.
C) lead Portuguese exploration all the way to Sierra Leone.
D) develop trade relations with African Muslims.

11) What was the goal of King João's land expedition across Africa in 1487?

A) gold mines
B) Prester John
C) a river route across Africa
D) the Nile

12) Bartholomeu Días failed to complete a sea voyage to India because

A) he died of malaria after rounding the Cape of Good Hope.
B) he miscalculated the distance and ended up in the New World.
C) his sailors insisted on returning home.
D) he was attacked by pirates in the Mediterranean Sea. time.

13) According to Western legend, what happened at the equator?

A) People fell into a lake of fire.
B) The ocean boiled.
C) People baked to death.
D) The sky met the ground.

14) Columbus' proposal to sail west to get to China was based on what assumption?

A) China can be reached via the Indian Ocean.
B) The circumference of the earth is 25,000 miles.
C) The earth is round.
D) Existing navigation charts were correct.

15) What was the goal of Christopher Columbus?

A) He wanted to find a route to the Indies by sailing westward.
B) He wanted to find a route to the Indies by sailing eastward.
C) He wanted to find a route to the Indies by going around Africa.
D) He wanted to conquer the Indies for the king of Spain.

16) Christopher Columbus made errors that convinced him that Europeans could reach East Asia by sailing west. Which of the following was NOT one of those errors?

A) He estimated that Asia was much larger than it was.
B) He used the calculations of al-Biruni.
C) He miscalculated the circumference of the earth.
D) He estimated the distance from Portugal to China to be only 5,000 miles or less, well within the range of European ships.

17) How did Días' voyage around the tip of Africa affect Columbus' plans to sail west?

A) Columbus temporarily abandoned his plans.
B) Columbus revised his plans.
C) Columbus was more determined to sail west than before.
D) Columbus knew he had to complete his journey quickly.

18) What was the Enterprise of the Indies?

A) a detailed plan for a westward maritime expedition
B) a detailed plan for governance of Spain's newly acquired western colonies
C) a detailed plan for governance of Brazil
D) a detailed plan for sailing around the Cape of Good Hope

19) When Columbus first landed in the Caribbean on October 12, he thought he had landed off the eastern coast of

A) China.
B) Japan.
C) India.
D) Indonesia.

20) Which countries negotiated the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A) Britain and Spain
B) Portugal and Spain
C) Britain and France
D) France and Portugal

21) The Treaty of Tordesillas

A) basically divided the world between Spain and Portugal.
B) Was a three-way division of the Americas.
C) gave all of South America to Spain.
D) divided the Americas at the Yucatan Peninsula.

22) Which man finally accomplished what Columbus set out and failed to do?

A) Magellan
B) Días
C) Cabral
D) De Gama

23) What was the significance of Magellan's experience?

A) He proved that one could not reach Asia by sailing west from Europe.
B) He found the Cape of Good Hope.
C) He proved that sailing west from Europe was the safest route to Asia.
D) He proved that it was possible to sail around the world.

24) What were usually established by the Portuguese in lands they explored?

A) military depots
B) trading posts
C) farming settlements
D) towns

25) What effect did the Treaty of Tordesillas have on European commerce in the Eastern hemisphere?

A) It encouraged competition among the European powers.
B) It fostered cooperation among the European powers.
C) It allowed Portugal to avoid competition in the region.
D) It led to Spain and Portugal fighting for control of the Indies.

26) Portugal established a trading post in China at

A) Macao.
B) Kilwa.
C) Canton.
D) Beijing.

27) Where was Portuguese trading focused?

A) the Pacific Ocean
B) the Mediterranean Sea
C) the Indian Ocean
D) the Atlantic Ocean

28) Portugal's headquarters in East Asia was in the strategic location of

A) Macao.
B) Kilwa.
C) Canton.
D) Goa.

29) What made Goa so useful to the Portuguese?

A) its proximity to West Africa
B) its position at the mouth of the Indus River
C) its position in relation to Indian Ocean trade routes
D) its position halfway around the coast of Africa

30) Which of these best describes the Portuguese Empire in the 1600s?

A) concentrated in Asia
B) extremely dispersed
C) scattered in southern Africa
D) based in the tip of South America

31) What was the main goal of the Portuguese Empire?

A) gaining converts to Christianity
B) trading
C) finding land for settlers
D) discovering mineral resources

32) The Iberians imposed a new governance system based largely on

A) slave labor.
B) the tobacco crop.
C) Christianity.
D) cooperation with Amerinds.

33) The Council of the Indies did all of the following EXCEPT

A) decide which Spanish laws should be revised for the New World.
B) advise the king on everything pertaining to colonial affairs.
C) negotiate between Portuguese and Spanish colonists.
D) approve all significant expenditures.

34) What was the goal of the residencia?

A) ensuring that viceroys had close contacts with the people they governed
B) making sure that the viceroys ruled in the interests of their governments
C) maintaining a flow of profit from the Americas to Iberia
D) deciding the fate of captured Indians

35) What area was covered by New Spain?

A) all of the Spanish American colonies
B) the area from California to Panama
C) the area from Panama to Cape Horn
D) Central and South America

36) The two viceroyalties in Spanish America were

A) California and Mexico.
B) Louisiana and Peru.
C) Peru and New Spain.
D) New Spain and Argentina.

37) The principal qualification for being viceroy or governor-general was

A) Iberian birth.
B) loyalty to the king.
C) military prowess.
D) noble status.

38) What was the goal of the Spanish administration in the Americas?

A) the efficient running of the colony's economy
B) keeping the empire under the king's direct control
C) maximum resource extraction
D) ensuring local control of most of the economy

39) How did Spanish and Portuguese kings ensure that viceroys and governor-generals did not abuse their power?

A) the residencia
B) term limits
C) the Council of the Indies
D) the cortés

40) The largest owner of property in the New World was

A) the Spanish king.
B) the Portuguese king.
C) the Catholic Church.
D) Vasco de Gama.

41) Which of these was most influential in the conversion of Native Americans to Christianity?

A) Benedictine monks
B) Jesuits
C) parish priests
D) bishops

42) Which of these was true of society in the Spanish and Portuguese American colonies?

A) the three main racial groups rarely mixed
B) interracial unions were common
C) mixed-race individuals were able to rise to high positions
D) peninsulares never married in the colonies

43) Who were the peninsulares?

A) white Americans born in the Americas
B) white Americans born in Europe
C) people of mixed descent born in the Americas
D) freed African slaves

44) Who were criollos?

A) white Americans born in the Americas
B) white Americans born in Europe
C) people of mixed descent born in the Americas
D) freed African slaves

45) What most distinguished the colonial nobles from commoners?

A) influence in the Catholic Church
B) landed estates
C) slave ownership
D) military leadership

46) Which of these later became the Iroquois Confederacy?

A) the Seneca
B) the League of Five Nations
C) the Osage
D) the Puebloan peoples

47) French explorers did all of the following EXCEPT

A) found a settlement at Quebec.
B) establish "New France."
C) found a colony on Rhode Island.
D) engage in fur trade with the Amerinds.

48) Who initially founded the colony that eventually became known as "New York"?

A) the English
B) the Portuguese
C) the Dutch
D) the Italians

49) Which colony was founded by the Quakers in the 1680s?

A) Maryland
B) Pennsylvania
C) New York
D) Virginia

50 Which colony was founded by Catholics in the 1630s?

A) Maryland
B) Pennsylvania
C) New York
D) Virginia

51) Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Jamestown settlers and the Powhatans?

A) It was always adversarial, as the colonists immediately attempted to seize the land and force the Powhatans to leave.
B) Initially, the relationship was one of mistrust and conflict, but as the Powhatans and the colonists began to work together to farm the land, and they began to plant tobacco to export to England, they worked together to create a lasting cooperative economy.
C) Initially, the relationship was friendly, as the Powhatan even provided the colonists with food to help them survive. However, as more settlers arrived, that relationship changed and the colonists eventually seized the land.
D) The Jamestown settlers massacred the entire tribe of Powhatans within the first three years of their arrival in the Americas.

52) Which of the following statements about Massasoit is NOT true?

A) He was the chief of the Wampanoag nation.
B) He initially helped the Plymouth Colony settlers.
C) He hoped to trade with the English colonists.
D) His son Metacom was beheaded and his head was displayed by colonists on a pole.

53) King Philip's War

A) effectively ended Amerind resistance in New England.
B) forced the evacuation of Plymouth Colony.
C) led to the slaughter of thousands of colonists.
D) occurred after the English began to claim more and more Amerinds as slaves.

54) Which of the following was NOT part of the "Columbian Exchange"?

A) introduction of wheat and grapes to the Western hemisphere
B) introduction of tobacco and corn to the Eastern hemisphere
C) introduction of smallpox to Amerinds
D) introduction of potatoes and chocolate to the Western hemisphere

55) Europeans carried all of the following from the New World back to Europe EXCEPT

A) syphilis.
B) cacao.
C) tobacco.
D) wheat.

56) Which of these did NOT result from the Columbian exchange?

A) devastating death from infectious diseases in both hemispheres
B) dietary changes in both hemispheres
C) changes in the economies of both hemispheres
D) introduction of domestic animals to the Western hemisphere

True/False Questions

1) The Iberians had a warrior culture comparable to that of the Mongols.

2) The man who unified Spain later became the Holy Roman Emperor.

3) Portuguese America developed in a more centralized fashion than Spanish America.

4) The Jesuits were the least influential of all of the Catholic religious orders in Spanish America.

5) Mestizos were people of mixed descent who were considered socially below European-born whites.

6) Criollos resented the status and power of the peninsulares, which eventually led to revolution.

7) Christian missionaries appealed to their governments to stop persecuting and enslaving African slaves while abuses of Amerinds were ignored.

8) The Columbian Exchange was completely profitable and advantageous for the Amerinds.

9) The only true representative body of the New World was the cortés.

10) Most of what is now United States was conquered by the English.