Reference no: EM133930511
Questions
What is tubular secretion? What are examples of substances that are secreted? Where does secretion occur in the nephron?
How does the kidney regulate blood volume? What are the effects of parasympathetic input? What are the effects of sympathetic input?
What hormones target the kidney? What effects to they have? What are their specific targets (ADH, aldosterone, ANP/BNP, PTH)
What are hormones secreted by the kidney? What are their effects?
Review/understand the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS). Know renin: including cells that secrete it, stimulus for secretion, action.
Know typical composition of urine vs. abnormal findings in urine (urinalysis)
What are the clinical terms for the increased presence of the following in urine and what can cause it?
Glucose
Protein
Ketones
Bile pigments
Hemoglobin
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
How do diuretics affect urine formation? What is their mechanism(s) of action?
Terms/disorders to know: BUN, creatinine, GFR, CRF (chronic renal failure) vs. ARF (acute renal failure), glomerulonephritis, diabetes insipidus, polyuria, hemodialysis.