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Three independent diversity branches are used to transmit a BPSK modulated data over a channel described by: y= sqrt(p)*h*x+n. where y is the recieved signal, x is the transmitted signal (+or-1 with equal probabilities). Assume that h is a random variable with PDF. Pn(h)=0.1*d(h-1)+0.9d(h-3). n is a zero mean white gaussian noise with variance 0.5. Assume that the channel state info is available at the reciever for each of the three branches.
(a) what is the optimal decision rule at the reciever?
(b) What is the probability of error with equal gain combining?
(c) What is the probability of error with MRC?
(d) What is the probability of error with SC?
(e) What is the probability of error if we make hard-decision on each branch and then use majority-logic combining to make the final decision?
(f) What is the probability of error if we select the "best" two branches, and then use MRC with these two branches?
(g) Order the schemes of (b) through (f) from best to worst in terms of performance for large SNRs.
Compare the by hand solution and the PSPICE simulation for a voltage amplifier which has an input resistance of 10kohms and an output resistance of 100ohms, and a gain of 100V/V. The voltage amplifier is capacitively coupled to a voltage source.
A number stored in IEEE single precision floating point format has S=0, E=0111 1101, and F=0.1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000. What is this number in decimal
An AB latch operates as follows: If A = 0 and B = 0, the latch state is Q = 0; if either A = 1 or B = 1 (but not both), the latch output does not change; and when both A = 1 and B = 1, the latch state is Q = 1.
General questions for network communications, A user message is split into 15 frames, each of which has an 80% chance of arriving error-free. If no error control is used by the data link layer, how many times must the message be sent on the averag..
determine the efficiency of a high frequency induction furnace which takes 10 minutes to melt 1.815 kg of aluminium the input of the furnace being 5 KW and the initial temperature 15 deg.
average velocity of v meters/second. If the concentration of free electrons is 10^{29} electrons per cubic meter and if they are uniformly dispersed throughout the wire, then what is the average velocity of an electron
Two charges are held fixed in an x-y plane. Charge Q=-1*10^-9 C is located at the origin, q=3*10^-9 C is located at (0,2). Determine the voltage (v_ba) between point 'b' located at (3,0) and point 'a' located at (1,0).
The bellows, diaphragm, and Bourdon tube pressure sensors all exhibit second order time response. This means that a sudden change in pressure will cause an oscillation in the displacement and, therefore in the sensor output.
a 10 ohm resistor is connected across a 12 v battery. How much current is there through the resistor?
calculate the average signal-to-noise (SNR) in decibels (dB) Assume equal numbers of binary 0s and 1s.
Find the phasors corresponding to the following signals. (a) v(t) = 21 cos(4t-15o) V (b) i(t) =-8 sin(10t+70o) mA 2 (c) v(t) = 120 sin (10t -50o ) V (d) i(t) = -60cos(30t +10o) mA
Will the electric field inside change (how much if yes)? Will the stored energy in the capacitor change (how much if yes)?
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