Reference no: EM133933410

Question

1. During gas exchange, where does the CO2, which is released from the lungs, originate?

It is in the air that we breathe.
It is a waste product of protein breakdown.
It is a by-product of digestion.
It is a waste product of cellular respiration.

2. Which organ gets first access to nutrients absorbed in the small intestine?

Liver
Lungs
Heart
Pancreas

3. Smooth muscle propels food through the alimentary canal by a process called

circular contractions.
diffusion.
active transport.
peristalsis.

4. Using a stethoscope, you listen to a beating heart and hear "lub-dup, lub-dup." These sounds are created by

muscles in the left ventricle.
blood flowing through the aorta.
blood pressure differentials from chamber to chamber.
valves in the heart closing.

5. Which of the following statements regarding vitamins is true?

They are simple inorganic compounds.
They must be ingested in large quantities.
They can serve as coenzymes or parts of coenzymes.
They are major sources of dietary calories.

6. Through which of the following structures does urine leave the bladder?

ureter
urethra
renal medulla
distal convoluted tubule

7. In humans, which blood vessels have valves?

arteries in the neck
arterioles
capillaries
veins

8. Oxygen moves from blood into the interstitial fluid and then to body cells because

it diffuses from a region of higher partial pressure to a region of lower partial pressure.
it diffuses from a region of lower partial pressure to a region of higher partial pressure.
it descends down an osmotic gradient, following the movement of water.
it diffuses from a higher to a lower pH.

9. What happens to nutrient macromolecules in an animal's digestive tract?

They are absorbed whole and are broken down into monomers in cells that ultimately use them.
Proteins and nucleic acids are digested into monomers before absorption; energy-storage macromolecules (starch and fat) are absorbed whole.
The digestive breakdown of macromolecules is keyed to the body's need for monomers; only the monomers that are immediately needed are produced.
Nutrient macromolecules are digested into monomers before absorption.

10. What is the correct sequence of filtrate processing in the nephron?

excretion, secretion, reabsorption, filtration
filtration, reabsorption, secretion
filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion
secretion, reabsorption, filtration, excretion

11. The respiratory system includes all of the following structures except the ____.

lung
trachea
larynx
esophagus

12. During the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, the heart is ________.

contracting
relaxing
contracting and relaxing
filling with blood

13. Human saliva performs all of the following functions except

neutralizing food acids.
controlling bacterial populations.
hydrolyzing starch.
hydrolyzing proteins.

14. What is the main digestive function of the pancreas?

to produce digestive enzymes and bile salts
to produce digestive enzymes and an alkaline solution
to produce bicarbonate-containing mucus
to aid in the control of cholesterol

15. How are wastes carried to the kidneys for removal?

in cells
in the blood
in the urine
in interstitial fluid

16. In the digestive system, most nutrient absorption occurs in the

stomach.
pancreas.
small intestine.
large intestine.

17. The function of the pulmonary circuit is to _____.

carry blood through the heart, lungs, and all of the body tissues
carry oxygen and nutrients to tissues where they are needed
retrieve waste products from the body tissues
carry carbon dioxide to the lungs and pick up oxygen from the lungs

18. What is the name of the functional unit of the kidney?

renal unit
Bowman's capsule
nephron
glomerulus

19. From the left ventricle, oxygen-rich blood flows through the

superior vena cava.
aorta.
pulmonary artery.
pulmonary vein.

20. Animals that maintain internal body temperature using heat generated by their own metabolism are called

endotherms.
aerophiles.
thermoregulators.
dormants.

21. When faced with a sudden drop in environmental temperature, an endothermic animal will ________.

experience a drop in its body temperature
wait to see if it goes lower
increase muscle activity to generate heat
add fur or fat to increase insulation

22. Which is the order of airflow during inhalation?

nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli
nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, larynx, bronchioles, alveoli

23. Which of the following statements is not true?

Essential nutrients can be synthesized by the body.
Vitamins are required in small quantities for bodily function.
Some amino acids can be synthesized by the body, while others need to be obtained from diet.
Vitamins come in two categories: fat-soluble and water-soluble.

24. Which of the following correctly lists the order of the parts of the human digestive system, from first to last contact with food matter?

pharynx, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, large intestine
oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine

25. Which of the following correctly traces a drop of blood through the circulatory system?

right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, body, right atrium
left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle, body, left atrium
right ventricle, lungs, right atrium, left ventricle, body, left atrium
left ventricle, lungs, left atrium, right ventricle, body, right atrium

26. Within the lungs, gas exchange occurs across

alveoli.
bronchioles.
diaphragms.
bronchi.

27. The epiglottis is a

muscle that moves the esophagus into line with the pharynx during swallowing.
muscle that moves the trachea out of line with the pharynx during swallowing.
flap of cartilage that flips down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing.
muscle sphincter that closes off the entry to the trachea during swallowing.

28. The reason animals need a continuous supply of oxygen is to

make carbon dioxide.
dispose of carbon dioxide.
carry out glycolysis.
obtain energy from their food.

29. Which of the following is important in the digestion of lipids?

pepsin
amylase
bile salts
trypsin

30. Which of the following is not an accurate pairing of body system to homeostatic contribution?

ciruculatory system : delivery of nutrients to tissues
respiratory system : maintenance of proper blood pH
digestive system : removal of metabolic waste
excretory system : osmoregulation