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1. What is a mutant screen? What is it used for?2. How does a restriction enzyme “know” where to cut?3. How does the length of the recognition site determine the length of the DNA fragments produced by the restriction enzyme (frequency of cutting)?4. How do restriction enzymes and ligase allow us to generate recombinant DNA?5. How does the process of electrophoresis allow us to determine the size of DNA fragments?6. What is the most common method for visualizing DNA on a gel?7. How are Southern Blots, Northern Blots and Western Blots similar? How are they different?8. What is a probe? How is it used?9. Define: Recombinant DNA, GMO, Molecular ladder (size standard),10. What is cloning?11. What are the necessary parts of a cloning vector?12. How do restriction enzymes and ligase allow us to clone fragments of DNA?13. How are cloning vectors then put into bacteria cells?14. How do we know if the bacteria cell has the vector? How do we know if the vector contains the insert?15. How is a cloning vector different from an expression vector?16. How does a Eukaryotic gene have to be modified before being expressed by a bacteria cell?17. Define: transformation, X-gal, Ti plasmid,18. How is PCR similar to cloning? What are the advantages to PCR over cloning?19. What are the components of a PCR reaction?20. What are primers? How do they specify which segment of DNA is going to be amplified?21. If we don’t know the exact sequence of the gene, then describe 2 ways in which we can still use PCR to amplify that gene?22. What are the 3 steps to a PCR reaction? What happens to the DNA at each step? 23. How are they different in temperature?24. How can PCR be used to identify if a patient has the H1N1 virus?25. How is a DNA library generated? Why is this the 1st step in whole genome sequencing?26. How is a cDNA library generated? How is it different?27. Would you want to do whole genome sequencing from a cDNA library? Explain why or why not?28. Define: Taq polymerase, degenerate primers, qPCR, Genomic Library, positional cloning, chromosome walking.29. How does RFLP reveal difference in DNA sequences between individuals?30. How is AFLP like RFLP? How is it different?31. What is a microsatellite maker?32. How is a microsatellite locus defined (what determines specificity)?33. How are microsatellite markers scored (what are the alleles)?34. Why are microsatellites codominant markers?35. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using RFLP, AFLP, and microsatellite markers? If you don’t know any sequence information for the organism, which marker do you want to use?
Identify the sequence and timing of the mayor events in the evolution of early life, ending with the movement of the first life onto land.
Explain plant life, animal life, and geology of the ecosystem in Utah. What populations and communities are present? How dependant is your community on this ecosystem? What are the preventive factors of the ecosystem.
Why does changing concentrations of ions change equilibrium potential and changing permeability affect threshold? You might want to discuss the Nernst Equation vs the Goldman equation.
Determine volume of the sodium citrate in order to make up 7.5% solution. A solution needs 250 ml of a 7.5% (w/v) solution of the tri sodium citrate.
After replacing the yeast promoter with an E.coli promoter, you are pleased to detect RNA from the yeast gene but are confused because the RNA is almost twice the length of the mRNA
q. 1.why is the lengths of the cells usually approximated when we record their values for length?2. how several
You do DNA analysis of a newly found species of mammal and find there to be 7 JK and 65 VK sequences. Assuming that any V sequence can join any J sequence.
Describe the oxidative and non-oxidative phases of the pentose phosphate pathway and distinguish between these branches in terms of their roles in producing NADPH for biosynthesis reactions or 5-carbon sugar for nucleic acid synthesis. Identify th..
Which of the following would increase the amount of oxygen undergoing net diffusion from the lungs into the blood?
Assume n-butylmalonate is added to an aerobic suspension of kidney cells using glucose exclusively as fuel. Predict, with description, the effect of this inhibitor on.
Assume you have 10m^3 of air with density of 1.024 kg/m^3. If Carbon Dioxide is present at 360 ppmv, what is the mass of CO2 in grams?
Which of the following plant tissues is incorrectly paired with its structure and function?
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