Significant loss of plasma proteins such as albumin

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Reference no: EM133923622

Questions

1. Which of the statements is FALSE as it relates to hyponatremia

I can be a result of hormone imbalances in the kidney
It can be caused by excessive sweating
It can cause seizures
It is treated by administration of fluids containing concentrated potassium

2. Renin is released from the ______ when ______ is detected

Kidneys; low blood pressure
Kidneys; high blood pressure
Liver; low blood pressure
Liver; high blood pressure

3. Which of the following might occur as a secondary effect due to electrolytes during acidosis

Hyperkalemia
Hypercalcemia
Hypernatremia
Hyponatremia

4. If an individual has a relatively low concentration of chloride ions in the stomach due to excessive loss by vomiting. What would likely be the effect on the blood as a result of the chloride shift mechanism?

Acidosis
Alkalosis
Neither A or B
Both A and B

5. Which of the following would be most like the to cause chronic respiratory acidosis?

Acute airway obstruction

Diarrhea
Hyperventilation
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

6. Increased mild and/or antacid can contribute to the development of "milk-alkali syndrome", which can cause which of the following?

Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia
Hypercalcemia
Hypovolemia

7. What is the preferred treatment method for decompensated acidosis?

Intravenous lactate solution
Intravenous chloride solution
Intravenous saline solution
Oral bicarbonate intake

8. Vitamin D can be synthesized in the human body through a multi-step process including several organs. Where is the final activation site of Vitamin D?

Skin
Liver
Kidneys
Brain

9. Which of the following electrolytes is particularly important for the structural integrity of cell membranes in the body?

Sodium
Potassium
Phosphate
Chloride

10. What is the term for when fluid shifts out of the blood cavity tissue and can no longer re-enter the vascular compartment

Pitting Edema
Third-spacing
Lymphedema
Diuresis

11. Which of the following is NOT a typical effect or dehydration?

Dry mucous membranes in the mouth
Decreased skin turgor or elasticity
Higher blood pressure and a strong rapid pulse
Decreased mental function

12. When respiration is increased (deep & rapid) in order to compensate for metabolic acidosis, what is the most important mechanism by which this increase ultimately affects blood pH (through buffering)?

Exhaling more carbon dioxide
Inhaling more oxygen
Both A and B
Neither A and B

13. Which of the following may be the result of hyperventilation due to anxiety, high fever, head injuries or aspirin overdose?

Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis

14. Hyponatremia most often occurs due to malabsorption, malnutrition or alcoholism

True
False

15. When the body's mechanisms for balancing serum pH (buffering, respiration, renal function) are exceeded or fail, this is referred to as:

Compensation
Decompensation
Homeostasis
A non life-threatening situation

16. The two primary hormones that regulate calcium balance in the body are:

Atrial natriuretic peptide and parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone
Aldosterone and parathyroid hormone

17. When many excess hydrogen ions accumulate in the blood, what happens to serum pH? The pH:

Decreases
Increases
Remains constant
Varies based on metabolism

18. Which of the following is a common effect of both hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia

Skeletal muscle twitch and cramps
Oliguria
Elevated serum pH
Cardiac dysthymias

19. Which of the following would occur in blood vessels with a significant loss of plasma proteins such as albumin?

Increased osmotic pressure
Decreased osmotic pressure
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Decreased hydrostatic pressure

20. When the osmotic pressure of the blood is elevated above normal, water will be attracted to shift from the:

Blood into the cells
Interstitial compartment into the cells
Interstitial compartment into the blood
Cells into the interstitial compartment
None of the above

21. Which of the following would NOT represent an attempt by the body to compensate for excessive fluid loss (I.e. dehydration)?

Producing more dilute urine
Increasing thirst
Producing less urine
Constriction of cutaneous blood vessels

Reference no: EM133923622

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