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Early in development, most human cells turn off expression of an essential component of telomerase, the enzyme responsible for addition of telomere repeat sequences (5' TTAGGG 3') to the ends of chromosomes. Thus, as our cells proliferate, their telomeres get shorter and shorter, but are normally lost over the course of a lifetime. If cells are removed from the body and grown in culture, they ultimately enter a state of replicative senescence and stop dividing when their telomeres get too short. By contrast, most tumor cells, in humans and in cell culture, express active telomerase allowing them to maintain their telomeres and grow beyond the normal limit imposed by senescence. Anticipating a universal cure for cancer, you set up a company to screen chemical ‘libraries' for telomerase inhibitors. The company share price takes a tumble, when a rival group generates a strain of mice from which the telomerase genes have been deleted. These mice breed happily for several generations, but by the 6th generation (when their telomeres are much shorter than those of normal mice), they have a greatly increased tendency to die of tumors. The tumors tend to arise in tissues that show high proliferation rates, such as testis, skin, and blood. Why has this observation shaken the confidence of your investors? Is there a flaw in your hypothesis?
Give an description for the differences in binding between CGP-12177 and dihydroalprenolol. What do you think may be the basis for isoproterenol-induced desensitization in these cells.
Suppose that you have 1M stock solutions of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2. If the ion concentrations in human plasma are 120 mM Na+, 12mM K+, and 2 mM Ca+.
There are four main categories of molecules of life. Complete the table given by indicating, the name of each of the four categories of the molecules of life
Perform visual comparison of the assigned two putatively related nucleic acid sequences x and y. Indicate in your answer the identities by 1s on match and 0s on mismatches. Also indicate mutations by the scoring indices S for transition and V for ..
Those that live in tropical climates like the savannas of Africa are usually much smaller than the ones that live in arctic regions like Lapland.
Suppose you are injecting a subthreshold depolarizing current step into a neuron. Draw the corresponding membrane voltage response;
Explain where do cells obtain their main macronutrients including C, N, H, and O, write down the general microbial cell formula.
Biotechnology permits the use of living organisms or their processes for human needs or purposes. Currently, this topic includes such general examples as cloning,
Which lower vascular plant group once had tree-sized individuals (ca. 250- 300 mya) in swampy areas; their fossilized remains became a significant part of most coal deposits in the US.
What mode of nutrition these bacteria almost certainly use. Include in the discussion the RDA guidelines recommending less than 30 percent of total calories come from fat.
A) What is the broad sense heritability of seed count in this population of bluebonnets? B) What might cause this estimate of heritability to be inaccurate?
Fatty acid beta oxidation generates both NADH and FAD2. These are oxidized in the electron transport chain through
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